Week 6Methods课件.ppt

In this chapter you will learn: How static methods and fields are associated with an entire class rather than specific instances of the class. To use common Math methods available in the Java API. To understand the mechanisms for passing information between methods. How to use random-number generation to implement game-playing applications. Including the declarationimport java.util.Scanner;allows the programmer to use Scanner instead of java.util.Scanner Java API documentation /j2se/5.0/docs/api/index.html Overview of packages in JDK 5.0 /j2se/5.0/docs/api/overview-summary.html To promote software reusability, every method should be limited to performing a single, well-defined task, and the name of the method should express that task effectively. Such methods make programs easier to write, debug, maintain and modify. A small method that performs one task is easier to test and debug than a larger method that performs many tasks. Class Math is part of the java.lang package, which is implicitly imported by the compiler, so it is not necessary to import class Math to use its methods. -Three ways to call a method: Use a method name by itself to call another method of the same class Use a variable containing a reference to an object, followed by a dot (.) and the method name to call a method of the referenced object Use the class name and a dot (.) to call a static method of a class - static methods cannot call non-static methods of the same class directly It is a syntax error to break a String literal across multiple lines in a program. If a String does not fit on one line, split the String into several smaller Strings and use concatenation to form the desired String. Confusing the + operator used for string concatenation with the + operator used for addition can lead to strange results. Java evaluates the operands of an operator from left to right. For example, if integer variable y has the value 5, the expression y + 2 = + y + 2 results in the string y + 2 = 52,