Objective-C课件.ppt

Apple and Mac OS X NeXT is taken over by Apple in 1996 and put Steve Jobs and his Objective-C libraries to work Redesigned Mac OS to use objective-C similar to that of NeXTSTEP Developed a collection of libraries named “Cocoa” to aid GUI development Release Mac OS X (ten), which was radically different than OS 9, in March 2001 精品文档 The Cocoa API Primarily the most frequently used frameworks nowadays. Developed by Apple from NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP Has a set of predefined classes and types such as NSnumber, NSstring, Nsdate, etc. NS stands for NeXT-sun Includes a root class NSObject where words like alloc, retain, and release come from 精品文档 Dynamic Language Almost everything is done at runtime Uses dynamic typing, linking, and binding This allows for greater flexibility Minimizes RAM and CPU usage 精品文档 To Import or Include? C/C++’s #include will insert head.h into the code even if its been added before. Obj-C’s #import checks if head.h has been imported beforehand. #import head.h 精品文档 Messages Almost every object manipulation is done by sending objects a message Two words within a set of brackets, the object identifier and the message to send. Because of dynamic binding, the message and receiver are joined at runtime [Identifier message ] 精品文档 Basic syntax structure C++ syntax Objective-C syntax void function(int x, int y, char z); Object.function(x, y, z); -(void) function:(int)x, (int)y, (char)z; [Object function:x, y, z]; 精品文档 Keyword: id The word ‘id’ indicates an identifier for an object much like a pointer in c++ This uses dynamic typing For example, if Pen is a class… extern id Pen; id myPen; myPen = [Pen new ]; (Cox, 59) 精品文档 Memory Allocation Objects are created dynamically through the keyword, “alloc” Objects are dynamically deallocated using the words “release” and “autorelease” autorelease dealocates the object once it goes out of scope. NOTE: None of these words are built-in 精品文档 Ownership Objects are initially owned by the id that created them. Like C++