PC bootup课件.ppt

PC bootup Presented by: Rahul Garg (2003CS10183) Rajat Sahni (2003CS10184) Varun Gulshan(2003CS10191) From power on to Kernel load PC firmware or BIOS. bootSect.S / Bootloader. Boot loader to kernel. 精品文档 Memory Map at Power up MAPPED TO ROM FREE SPACE FREE SPACE 0xA0000 0x100000 精品文档 ROM shadowing The address space occupied by BIOS Roms is not available as useful RAM. BIOS can make use of this RAM to shadow its ROM. Write protects this shadowed RAM, disables ROM. 精品文档 Start up Sequence CS:IP = 0xf000:fff0. Starts in real mode. 16 bit mode. IP = 16 bit offset CS = Segment offset in 16 byte units. i.e PC = 16*CS+IP Max: 1MB of address space. A20 pain from the past. 精品文档 Start up Sequence POST(Power on self test) Looks for video card and executes its BIOS. Looks for other option ROMS e.g IDE disk. Does more system inventory e.g COM ports, setting hard disk params. Plug and play support. Sets up IDT and the interrupt service routines. 精品文档 BIOS contd… Looks for bootable media. Loads Boot sector(512 bytes) of the media at 0x7c00 . Jumps to CS:IP = 0000:7c00 with DL=drive id of bootable drive. BIOS data area from 0x0000 to 0x7c00. (Contains IDT,ISR’s and data). 精品文档 BIOS system calls BIOS provides low level I/O routines through interrupts. Main services are: INT 15h: Get memory map. INT 13h: Disk I/O interrupts. INT 19h: Bootstrap loader. 精品文档 Memory Map at this stage BIOS DATA BOOT SECTOR BIOS ROM VGA 0x0000 0(1MB) 0xA0000 (640KB) 0x7C00 FREE SPACE 精品文档 Structure of MBR MBR: 512 bytes 0-62 bytes : BIOS Parameter Block (BPB) 63-445 bytes: Bootsect.S 446-510 bytes: Partition table 511-512 bytes: Boot signature 0xaa55 精品文档 Flow Diagram BIOS Bootsect.S Stage 1 Stage 2 Setup.S Head.S Jumps to init Booting with bootloader Part of Kernel image 精品文档 Role of Bootsect.S Moves itself to 0x90000 Get disk parameters (passed by BIOS) and sets up stack Loads setup.S right after itself (0x90200) Loads compressed kernel image at 0x100000 (1 MB) Jumps to