2019年英语新同步译林必修四（江苏专用）讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Grammar Writing.docVIP

Section_ⅣGrammar__Writing 语法图解 探究发现 ①He said to me, “You are wrong.” →He told me that I was wrong. ②“Are you a soldier？” he asked. →He asked if/whether I was a soldier. ③He asked, “Where are you going to get off, John？” →He asked John where he was going to get off. ④“Make sure the door is closed，” the teacher said to me. →The teacher told me to make sure the door was closed. ⑤“I will come and see you again this evening, Tom，” she said. →She told Tom that she would go and see him again that evening. ⑥“I will come here again today，” she said. →She said that shed go there again that day. [我的发现] (1)若直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，要用连词that来引导宾语从句；直接引语中的人称、时态等都要作相应的变化，如①句。 (2)若直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词if或whether来引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，如②句。 (3)若直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，需用原来的疑问词来引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，如③句。 (4)若直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，需改用“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构，其中的动词通常是表示“命令、建议、请求”的动词，如④句。 (5)直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词和动词要做相应变化，如⑤句。 (6)直接引语变间接引语时，地点状语和时间状语要做相应变化，如⑥句。 一、基本概念 　引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出，叫作直接引语。用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号的叫作间接引语。 直接引语变为间接引语时，需在时态形式、人称代词、指示代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语以及语序等方面做相应的变化。 “I like singing，” she said.(直接引语) →She said she liked singing.(间接引语) 她说她喜欢唱歌。 “Dont touch anything，” he said.(直接引语) →He told us not to touch anything.(间接引语) 他告诉我们不要碰任何东西。 二、直接引语变为间接引语时各种句式的转换 1．引述陈述句时，用连词that引导(that在口语中常被省略。)，主句动词主要用say, tell, repeat, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等。 He said, “I like it very much.” →He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。 He said, “Ive left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 他告诉我他把书忘在我房间里了。 　[即时演练1]　改写句子 The doctor said，“You should eat more vegetables.”(改为间接引语) →The_doctor_told_me_that_I_should_eat_more_vegetables. 2．引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时，通常用whether或if引导，而引述选择疑问句时，一般只能用whether 引导。原句中的谓语动词said要改为asked，语序用陈述句语序。 He asked, “Are you sure your mother will come？” →He asked me whether/if I was sure my mother would come. 他问我是否确信我妈妈会来。 He asked, “They live in groups, dont they？” →He asked whether/if they lived in groups. 他问它们是否是群居。 He asked,