2019年英语新同步译林必修四（江苏专用）讲义：Unit 3 Section Ⅳ Grammar Writing.docVIP

Section_ⅣGrammar__Writing 0语法图解 探究发现 ①Both the headsets and the gloves are connected to a computer network in the VR studio. ②In one case, a teenager who was afraid of talking and playing with his schoolmates was treated with VR. ③To achieve this, special VR headsets are designed to allow the users to see in 3-D and hear the sound all around them. ④Engineers can enter the design of a neighbourhood into a computer, and then use VR to “walk” around the neighbourhood, see how it looks and make changes before construction is carried out. ⑤Besides this, VR can be used to practise skills in a secure environment that otherwise would be quite dangerous. ⑥However, with VR we are able to do things that could never be achieved in real life. [我的发现] (1)在被动语态的句子中主语是动作的承受者。 (2)在被动语态的句子中谓语的基本构成形式为：助动词 be＋及物动词的过去分词。 (3)在被动语态的句子中谓语可以有各种时态或含有情态动词。 一、语态的概念 　英语中动词有主动语态 (Active Voice) 和被动语态 (Passive Voice) 之分。如果主语是动作或状态的发出者，动词就用主动语态；如果主语是动作或状态的承受者，动词就用被动语态。 Our English teacher encouraged Mary. 我们英语老师鼓励了玛丽。 Mary was encouraged by our English teacher. 玛丽受到了我们英语老师的鼓励。 上面第一句中的动词 encouraged 是主动语态；第二句中的动词 was encouraged 是被动语态。 二、被动语态的基本构成形式 　被动语态的基本结构是：“助动词 be/get＋及物动词的过去分词”。 被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词 take 为例，其常见时态的被动形式如下表： 一般现在时 am/is/are taken 一般过去时 was/were taken 现在进行时 am/is/are being taken 过去进行时 was/were being taken 现在完成时 have/has been taken taken 过去完成时 had been 一般将来时 will/shall be taken 过去将来时 would/should be taken The disabled are respected in our country. 残疾人在我们国家受到尊敬。 Toms legs were badly injured in an accident last year. 在去年的一次事故中，汤姆的双腿严重受伤。 A presentation will be given on the new products. 将会有一场关于新产品的介绍会。 Besides, many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats. 此外，大量的海洋生物正被捕捞船赶尽杀绝。 The advantages and disadvantages of this machine were being discussed when I went into the meeting room. 当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 那个消息一到就会被传达给那个士兵的妈妈。 Over the years several similar theories have been put forward. 几年来已经有好几个类似理论相继被