科学研究方法与论文写作.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Department of Ecology Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University Bao-Rong Lu Scientific Methodology Scientific Paper Writing科学研究方法与论文写作 六、研究结果及其意义的讨论How to write Discussion Structure of a paper Title … Introduction Materials methods Results Discussion How to write the Discussion? It is the fault of our rhetoric (花言巧语) that we cannot strongly state one fact without seeming to belie (掩饰) some other ? Ralph Waldo Emerson The importance of findings depend on Discussion Discussion is hard to define The hardest section to write Papers often be rejected because of a faulty or imperfect Discussion Why discuss What do your results mean? Use the Discussion section to: Interpret your results Point out the significance of the results for the reasons of doing the work Place them in the context of other work Discussion The Discussion relates to the Introduction The aim/purpose statement The evidence leading to the ‘gap’ The ‘Universe’ where the Introduction began Highlight the key points from the Results ‘story’ Conclude the key findings Functions of Discussion Explain: to the reader what are the findings mean Discuss compare: the work of other researchers - consistent with theirs Interpret the results: in light of what was already known about Demonstrate: whether the data support original hypothesis - why or why not Functions of Discussion Explain: the new understanding of problems after taking your results into consideration Connect: to the questions or hypotheses posed in Introduction Tell: how the study has moved us forward from the place you left us at the end of the Introduction Suggest: what would be the next step in your study (direction) A good discussion will: Relate the results to the original objectives Explain principles, relationships generalizations that can be supported by the results Address any exceptions that qualify the findings or difficulties A good di