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Local-Politics(Keep-an-eye-on-MS-through-this-course,-write-课件.ppt

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State and Local Politics(Keep an eye on MS through this course, write it down) Instructor: Dr. Troy Gibson 精品文档 Why study State and Local Government? A. Many, perhaps most, of the policy decisions directly affecting U.S. citizens are made by state and local government officials. Welfare to work Maintaining prisons (90% incarcerated in state or local jails). Education (90% funding from states) Policy diversity (creativity, innovation, and imagination) State and local governments are older than the national government. Colonies Articles of Confederation 精品文档 Difficulties – hard to study and generalize about 50 truly distinct, highly diverse, government systems. Cultural diversity (ethnic and religious contexts) Link: /maptitude/census2000maps/map.asp?map=4 Socioeconomic diversity (economic characteristics) Institutional diversity (political and election systems) /2008/11/county-presidential-electoral-map.html Geographic diversity (distance and terrain) Circumstantial diversity (different problems) Multiplied by the diversity of 87,500 cities, counties, villages, school districts, congressional districts, zones, etc. Basic Concepts: A. Political Science: The study of who gets what, when, how in a world of scarce resources and competing preferences. 精品文档 MS highest at 85%; Vermont lowest at 42% (Gallup 2009; /index.php?fa=PAGE.viewpageId=89029 精品文档 B. Government: Organization that legitimately uses force to carry out its decisions like managing conflict, allocating scarce resources, selecting between competing preferences. Who Governs? The few or the many? Elite Theory: All societies (even democracies) are always dominated by a few, typically moneyed-interests (business class), who rule over the many. Public policy reflects elite preferences. Natural? Pluralism: Democracy can be achieved by the competition of many different interest groups filled by concerned citizens who compete for influence and favor. Since each group eventually is satisfied by gov’t, n