特征关联编码对相似声目标学习记忆的影响.docVIP

特征关联编码对相似声目标学习记忆的影响 罗敏 吴帆 孟子厚 (中国传媒大学传播声学研究所，北京 100024) 摘 要：为了考察特征关联编码对相似声目标学习记忆的影响，对两组被试进行了相同任务的学习记忆实验。学习周期为13天，每天学习强度（声目标呈现次数）相同，学习结束后进行了遗忘测量，持续到第16天。对照组未采用任何特殊记忆方法，实验组在学习记忆任务时呈现听觉特征与数序关联编码信息。实验结果表明，实验组被试整体记忆饱和点出现较晚，且容量有显著提高，但记忆遗忘速率较大，不过保持量相对对照组更高。实验证明了听觉特征与数序关联编码能够提供有效的记忆编码信息，提升被试的学习记忆效率。 关键词：听觉特征；编码；学习记忆 Effect of Associated Encoding of Features on Similar Acoustic Target Learning and Memory LUO Min，WU Fan, MENG Zi-hou （Communication Acoustics Laboratory，Communication University of China，Beijing 100024，China） Abstract: For investigating the effects of encoding auditory features on the learning and memory of similar acoustic targets, two groups of subjects were tested with the same task. Two groups were studied for 13 days, the daily learning intensity (the number of acoustic target presentation) was the same. After the end of the study, taking 6 times forgotten measures, lasted 16 days. The control group did not use any special memory method, the experimental group in the learning and memory tasks presented information of encoding auditory features with number sequence. The experimental results show that the experimental group, the overall memory saturation point appears late, and the capacity is significantly improved, the memory forgetting rate is larger, but the retention is higher than the control group. Results indicate that the auditory features associated with number sequence coding can provide memory encoding information effectively, enhance the efficiency of learning and memory. Key words: Auditory features; Encoding; Learning and memory 1 引言 学习和记忆是人类能在环境中积累经验和进化发展的关键。心理学认为记忆就是对输入信息进行编码、存储和提取的过程[1]。运用实验方法来研究人类记忆的相关规律，是从德国心理学家Ebbinghaus开始的，他建立了第一个有关高级心理过程的函数——遗忘曲线，是记忆心理学发展到一个新阶段的标志[2]。 Kirkpatri等用自由回忆的方法对于记忆进行了实验，发现了人对一些材料不能回忆是因为缺少某种提示的原因，促使大多数记忆法都是应运联想已经熟悉的事物作为新记忆材料的提示线索[3]。Ericcson等人提出熟练记忆理论(SMF)及长时工作记忆理论(LTWM)解释人类超常记忆现象，发现特定的编码方法和记忆策略对超常记忆形成很重要[4]-[6]。张婧等人对世界脑力锦标赛冠军---王峰的实验研究发现王峰的数字记忆容量能够达到200的惊人水平，原因在于他所使用的“数字-图像”法[7]。上述有效的记忆方法均与关联记忆相关。关联记忆法是一种将