英语知识体系简介.pptxVIP

英语知识体系简介学好英语需要：充足的词汇+ 语法+ 运用（听、说、读、写）音词汇义词性词法：研究的对象是各种词的形式及其用法。语法句法：研究的对象是句子各个组成部分及其 组成规律。英语词类的变化形式有：1 名词、代词的数、格、性的变化。2 形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的变化。3 动词的人称、时态、语态和语气的变化。十大词类：noun, pronoun, adjective, adverb, numeral, verb, article, preposition, conjunction, interjectionform word 虚词notional word 实词九种句子成分主语（subject）同位语谓语（predicate）主语补足语表语（predicative）宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial) 宾语补足语（object complement）九种句子成分是句子所要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体。(n., pron.,to do, doing and that-clause)主语（subject）：谓语（predicate）：说明主语所发出的动作或从的状态。(verbs)放在连系动词之后，表示主语的身分、状态或特征。(n., pron., adj., adverbs for places, prepositional phrases, to do doing, done and that-clause.)表语（predicative）：宾语（object）：在及物动词或介词之后。(n, pron, to do, doing and that-clause.)定语（attribute）：限定或修饰名词或代词。adj., adverbs for places, pron, n., prepositional phrases, to do, doing, done and that-clauses.状语(adverbial) ：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。adv., prepositional phrases, to do, doing done and that-clauses.宾语补足语（object complement）：说明宾语的性质、状态、特征或宾语发出的动作。（adj., n, adverbs for places, to do, doing and done）同位语：补充说明前面的某个名词或代词。 （n. or that-clauses）e.g. My father, a doctor, is very kind.Practice: Analyze the following sentences.The farmers don’t stay long in the same places.We are having a wonderful time.It’s dangerous to swim in the river.I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor.I’m going to move to another city next month.Thank you for writing to me.It was lovely to hear from you.Have you anything to say about this question?It’s getting dark. 短语、句子、从句短语：具有一定意义的一组词， 可作为句子的一个成分。英语中有下列几种短语：e.g. He likes to watch TV while having lunch.1. 不定式短语 e.g. I saw many people standing by the lake.2. –ing 短语e.g. Given more time ,I would do it better.3. 过去分 词短语4. 介词短语e.g. With his help, I have finished writing the poem. 5. 名词短语e.g. dark blue sky / a true story/ the most wonderful moment含有主谓结构的一组词，在句子中作一个成分，一般由连接词、关系代词或关系副词引导。 从句(clause)e.g. If you want to say something, say it clearly.名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句， 表语从句，同位语从句从句形容词性从句：定语从句副词性从句：状语从句