EngineConstruction发动机构造英汉对照.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 26 Unit 2 Engine 发动机 2.1 General概述 The engine which is called the “heart”of a vehicle is used to supply power for an automobile. It includes the fuel, lubricating, cooling, ignition and starting systems. Generally, an automobile is operated by internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion or “explosion” into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 发动机是车辆的心脏，并为其提供动力。发动机包含燃料系统、润滑系统、冷却系统、点火系统和起动系统。车辆一般依靠内燃发动机驱动。内燃发动机在气缸里燃烧燃料，并将燃烧所产生的膨胀力转变成旋转力，用以推动车辆前进。 The engine is a self-contained power unit which converts the heat energy of fuel into mechanical energy for moving the vehicle. Because fuel is burned within the engine, it is known as an internal combustion engine. In the internal combustion engine, air/fuel mixture is introduced into a closed cylinder where it is compressed and then ignited. The burning of the fuel causes a rapid rise in cylinder pressure which is converted to useful mechanical energy by the piston and crankshaft. The most common engine is the four-stroke piston engine. These four strokes are intake, compression stroke, power stroke and exhaust stroke. 发动机是独立的动力装置，并将燃料的热能转换成机械能，用以推动车辆前进。由于燃料在发动机内部燃烧，因此这种发动机被称为内燃机。在内燃机里，可燃混合气被引入到封闭的气缸内，并在气缸内被压缩并点燃。燃料燃烧引起气缸内压力迅速上升，并通过活 塞和曲轴被转换成有用的机械能。最常见的发动机是四冲程活塞式发动机。四冲程包括进气 、压缩、作功和排气冲程。 The reciprocating engines can be classified according to:1.number of cylinders: single-cylinder engine and multiple-cylinder engine; 2.arrangement of cylinders: in-line engine、vee engine、radial engine and opposed-cylinder engine; 3.type of cooling: air-cooled engine and liquid-cooled engine; 4.number of cycles: two-stroke engine and four-stroke engine; 5.type of ignition. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). 往复式发动机可以按以下几种情况分类：1.按气缸的数量分类：单缸发动机和多缸发动机；2.按气缸排列的方式分类：直列发动机、V.型发动机、星型发动机和对置发动机；3.按冷却型式分类：空气冷却式发动机和水冷却式发动机；4.按工作循环的行程数分类：二冲程发动机和