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高考英语语法专题讲解-虚拟语气
1 虚拟条件句:
1.1 与现在事实不一致,其句型为:
If +主语+did,主语+should(could, would, 或might)+do.
如:
If I were you, I would study hard. (可倒装)
If it rained, I would not be here now.
1.2 与过去事实不一致,句型为:
If +主语+had+done,主语+should(could, would, 或might)+have+done.
如:
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved. (可倒装)
比较这一句:
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would be saved.
-(混合虚拟:要求根据语境判断!)
1.3 将来事实不一致,句型为:
+do,主语+should(could ,would, 或might)+do.
如:
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.(可倒装)
If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.(可倒装)
If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.(混合虚拟)
P.S:
1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。
2、根据句中的时间状语,有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况,即主句可能是现在的情况,条件句也许是发生在过去的情况,但都是遵守上述句型。
1.4 虚拟倒装:在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if,将主语与这些词倒装,例如:
Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
1.5 without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含虚拟(语气较为含蓄),分3种情况动词作同上的变化。
1.5
Without you, I would never know him.
But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.
I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.
I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!
1.5.2
But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working.
2 名词性虚拟语气:
在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹、感叹、愿望时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气,具体类型有:
2.1 遇到:suggest, suggestion, insist, insistence, order, demand, request, command, propose,proposal ,desire, plan, idea时:——主语+(should)+do,
如:
Mother insisted(坚决要求) that John go to bed at 9 o’clock.(宾语从句)
(P.S.当insist意为“坚称说”,不要虚拟语气!)
We suggested that the meeting should not be held.
The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.(同位语从句)
(P.S.当suggest意为“暗示,表明”,不要虚拟语气!)
It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.(主语从句)
That is their demand that their wages
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