中枢神经系统药物pt课件.ppt

肾血流量的自身调节 Aspirin Atherosclerosis ACEIs * 对乙酰氨基酚 Acetaminophen 扑热息痛 对中枢的环氧酶抑制作用强 几乎无抗炎作用 剂量过大会导致肝毒性 正常剂量下被P450代谢后生成的毒性产物可被谷胱甘肽解毒 保泰松 * 吲哚美辛 Indomethacin 强效 栓剂(直肠吸收) 不良反应发生率高(30%-50%) * 双氯芬酸 diclofenac 缓释剂 强效 不良反应发生率低 布洛芬 Ibupropen * 选择性环氧酶-2抑制剂 减少胃肠道反应、肾损伤等不良反应 主要用于骨性关节炎、风湿性关节炎 增加心血管危险事件 塞来昔布 Selecoxib * (吗啡)成瘾的机制 * 中脑边缘系统的多巴胺系统与胆碱受体的关系 如何引起脑内多巴胺的变化? 多巴胺的升高表示对将来的预测的准确而得到奖赏 猴中脑单个多巴胺神经元的放电 CS: Conditioned StimuliR: Reward Science 1997 * 脑内多巴胺与心理预期 儿童多动症:哌醋甲酯(Ritalin) 氯丙嗪不良反应:无欲望 事业追求和物质追求 * 正常睡眠时相Sleep cycle 快动眼睡眠REM: rapid eye movement 慢波睡眠(深睡): NREM-3(4) * NBZDs（Benzodiazepines of natural origin ） could be of both endogenous and exogenous source and be considered as natural anxyolitic and sedative. * Absinthe 苦艾酒,艾碧斯(台)产生致幻作用的药理机制为GABA受体的阻断剂,与防己毒素的毒理作用类似. * Allosteric activation the binding of oxygen molecules to hemoglobin, The binding of oxygen to one subunit induces a conformational change in that subunit that interacts with the remaining active sites to enhance their oxygen affinity. * Over 2000 benzodiazepines have been synthesized * 与单胺类神经递质多巴胺促进觉醒作用相同的是乙酰胆碱 Modafinil, a wake-promoting drug used to treat narcolepsy, is increasingly being used as a cognitive enhancer (improving the ability of attention and cognition). Although initially launched as distinct from stimulants that increase extracellular dopamine by targeting dopamine transporters, recent preclinical studies suggest otherwise.Effects of Modafinil on Dopamine and Dopamine Transporters in the Male Human Brain. JAMA. 2009;301(11):1148-1154. * The 5-HT2 receptor is coupled by a G protein (Gq) to phospholipase C (PLC). Phospholipase C hydrolyzes membrane-bound phosphatidyl inositol (PIP2), generating 2 secondary messengers, inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). * 鸦片罂粟（以下简称罂粟）是两年生草本植物，初冬播种，春天开花。其花色艳丽，有红、粉红、紫、白等多种颜色，初夏罂粟花落，约半个月后果实接近完全成熟之时，用刀将罂粟果皮划破，渗出的乳白色汁液经自然风干凝聚成粘稠的膏状物，颜色也从乳白色变成深棕色，这些膏状物用烟刀刮下来就是生鸦片。生鸦片有强烈的类似氨的刺激性气味，味苦，长时间放置后，随着水分的逐渐散失，慢慢变成棕黑色的硬块，形状不一，常以球状、饼状或砖状出售。 * In β-Arre