教育领导与学校效能.ppt

教育领导与学校效能 思索… 我国教育领导及领导学研究的基本概况？ 领导的涵意? 领导者范围的界定? 领导与管理的异同? 领导的价值观,视野,质素,风格? 何谓学校效能? 教育领导与学校效能的关系? 领导的涵意（1） “没有明确统一的定义”(Cuban,1988) “领导是为达到或改变一个组织的目标而建立一种新的结构或程序”(Lipham) “领导是一种行为过程,是领导者为了实现预定的目标,采用一定的组织形式和方法,对群体进行率领影响引导的一种行为过程”(孙成城,1999,307) 领导的涵意（2） “领导的核心要素是一个影响的过程”.( Yukl,2002,3). “领导是运用法定的权力或利用人格和精神的感召力来影响群体思维和行为的一个过程”（张俊华， 2004） 校长的人格魅力 学术地位. 道德水平. 对教师的凝聚力. 投入教学一线，埋头苦干.（赵家镐，2004，P.120, 上海育才中学校长1985-2000) 多元社会中的教育领导(1) 教育行政人员 学校领导(校长,副校长) 中层管理人员(教务主任,年级组长等) 教师,学生等. 多元社会中的教育领导(2） 妇女在教育领导中的地位. “Women own only 1% of the world’s property and earn 10% of the world’s income..they are underrepresented in the parliaments of virtually all nations ..the average of the Middle East was 3%; the UK had 9% and the USA 11%..in Bahrain, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates, women can neither stand for election nor vote”.(The Hutchinson Encyclopedia, 2000, 1151) In the three counties of Shanxi Province, there were no women head teachers in the 89 secondary schools( Coleman, Qiang, and Li, 1998). 多元社会中的教育领导(3) That the government had made great attempts to create more and more opportunities in recent decades, the therefore, gender discrimination does not exist in China”(Li) “That women can be good teachers, but their professional and body quality proves that they are no better than men, or even that they are not as good as men. They are therefore unfit for higher level posts” (Ma), “That it was not worth fostering women cadres because women are troublemakers (Zheng, Z). “ The government does not pay serious attention to the issue of using women cadres”( Qiang, the only female head teacher) The women of Peoples’ Republic of China are entitled to the same rights as men in politics, the economy, culture, society, family life, etc. The state protects the rights and benefits of women, and ensures men and women engage in the same professions and receive the same pay. And it fosters and selects women cadres.(Article 49, Chapter 2 of the Constitution of PRC). 学校领导的范围 就学校领导而言，领导者