PLC-外文献+翻译.pdfVIP

Programmablelogiccontroller A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures.PLCs are used in many industries and machines.Unlike general-purpose computers,the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results must be producedin responsetoinput conditionswithin aboundedtime,otherwiseunintended operationwill result. 1.History The PLC was invented in response to the needs of the American automotive manufacturing industry.Programmable logic controllers were initially adopted by the automotive industry where software revision replaced the re-wiring of hard-wired controlpanelswhenproductionmodelschanged. Before the PLC, control, sequencing, and safety interlock logic for manufacturing automobiles was accomplished using hundreds or thousands of relays, cam timers, and drum sequencers and dedicated closed-loop controllers. The process for updating such facilities for the yearly model change-over was very time consuming and expensive,aselectriciansneededtoindividually rewireeach and everyrelay. In 1968 GM Hydramatic (the automatic transmission division of General Motors) issued a request for proposal for an electronic replacement for hard-wired relay systems. The winning proposal came from Bedford Associates of Bedford, Massachusetts.The first PLC, designated the 084 because it was BedfordAssociates eighty-fourth project, was the result. Bedford Associates started a new company dedicated to developing, manufacturing, selling, and servicing this new product: