Unit4心灵鸡汤(重庆大学版必修5).pptVIP

Unit 4　Historical Figures 心灵鸡汤 John Snow John Snow was born on March 15,1813，in the city of York，England. As a boy he proved to be a bright student，so his mother sent him to a private school，where he excelled. Snow planned to become a physician，and at fourteen，he was apprenticed(使某人当学徒)to Dr.William Hardcastle in Newcastle-upon-Tyne.Snow had an analytical mind that paid attention to details that others often ignored.During his early years as an apprentice，he filled notebooks with his thoughts and observations on scientific subjects. During the London cholera epidemic(流行霍乱)of 1831～1832，he became a student at the School of Medicine in Great Windmill Street，London.After two years of schooling，he was accepted as a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.Snow was a believer in the germ theory of cholera.In 1849 Snow wrote a book“On the Mode of Communication of Cholera，”in which he suggested that the“cholera poison”was spread(传播)through the pollution of food or water.This theory should be against the more commonly accepted idea that cholera，like all diseases，multiplied in the air，and a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. On April 7,1853，he used chloroform(三氯甲烷，旧时医用麻醉剂)to Queen Victoria at the birth of her eighth child，Prince Leopold.And it wasn’t until 1854，when cholera struck England once again，that Snow’s argument that cholera was spread through polluted food or water was recognized. For his efforts to determine how cholera was spread and for the statistical mapping methods he used，John Snow is widely considered to be the father of modern epidemiology.