武汉理工大学现代计算机体系结构英文Lecture3 Main Memory and DRAM.pdfVIP

高级计算机体系结构设计及其在数据中心和云计算的应 用 Lecture 3 Main Memory and DRAM TechnologyMain Memory and DRAM Technology 高级计算机体系结构设计及其在数据中心和云计算的应 用 SRAM vs. DRAM • SRAM = Static RAM – As long as power is present, data is retained • DRAM = Dynamic RAM – If you don’t do anything, you lose the data • SRAM: 6T per bit – built with normal high-speed CMOS technology • DRAM: 1T per bit (+1 capacitor) – built with special DRAM process optimized for density 高级计算机体系结构设计及其在数据中心和云计算的应 用 Hardware Structures SRAM DRAM wordline wordline b b b 高级计算机体系结构设计及其在数据中心和云计算的应 用 Implementing the Capacitor (1/2) • You can use a “dead” transistor gate: But this wastes area because we now have two transistors And the “dummy” transistor may need to be bigger to hold enough charge 高级计算机体系结构设计及其在数据中心和云计算的应 用 Implementing the Capacitor (2/2) • There are other advanced structures Cell Plate SiCell Plate Si “Trench Cell” Cap Insulator Refilling Poly Storage Node Poly Si Substrate Field Oxide