机械压实对土壤质量作物生长土壤生物及环境的影响.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2008,41(7):2008-2015 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2008.07.018 机械压实对土壤质量、作物生长、土壤生物及环境的影响 杨晓娟，李春俭 （中国农业大学植物营养系/农业部植物营养与养分循环重点开放实验室/教育部植物-土壤相互作用重点实验室，北京 100094 ） 摘要：不合理的农田机械作业会造成土壤紧实度增加，这不仅会改变土壤的物理、化学和生物学性质，而且 会使作物生长以及土壤生物活动受到影响，并增加温室气体排放，成为土地退化、作物产量降低及全球气候变暖 的因素之一。本文综述近年来国内外在土壤机械压实方面的相关研究进展，探讨减轻土壤紧实度的可能方法和措 施，为中国在农业现代化进程中合理使用农业机械，减少土壤机械压实提供参考。 关键词：土壤紧实；农业机械；作物生长；土壤生物；土壤性质 Impacts of Mechanical Compaction on Soil Properties, Growth of Crops, Soil-borne Organisms and Environment YANG Xiao-juan, LI Chun-jian (Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrient and Nutrient Cycle, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100094) Abstract: Overuse of farm machinery in agricultural production results in soil compaction, which causes soil degradation, inhibits plant growth and the activities of the soil-borne organisms, and increases discharge of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The recent progresses of the international and domestic research on soil deterioration caused by agricultural machinery were summarized in this paper, in order to utilize the experiences of developed countries for reference to rational use of machinery in our modern agricultural production and to reduce soil degradation. Key words: Soil compaction; Agricultural machinery; Crop growth; Soil-borne organisms; Soil property 的资料显示，早在18 世纪，Jethro Tull 就发现过度耕 0 引言 作的土壤相当紧实。 农业机械的普及在提高工作效率、降低劳动强度 19 世纪末，人们用亚土层的紧实土块作为铧，套 的同时，机械工具在田间行走作业时轮胎