电子科技大学计算机操作系统课件Chapter 2 Processes and Scheduling (III).pptVIP

Processes and SchedulingSection III Objective of scheduling Fairness----Prevent starvation Efficiency Throughput Response time Types of scheduling （调度类型p379） Sorted by OS types（按系统类型分类） Batch scheduling（批处理调度） Time-sharing scheduling (分时调度） Real-time scheduling （实时调度） Multiprocessor scheduling（多处理机调度） Scheduling and Process State Transitions (p380) Levels of Scheduling（分级调度图P381） Long-term scheduling(P380) Determines(确定) which program are admitted to the system for processing. Controls the degree of multiprogramming（多道程度）. Once admitted（提交）, a job becomes a process and is added to the queue for short-term scheduler or for medium-term scheduler. In a batch system, the long-term scheduler chooses the jobs held in(保持在) disk queue and creates processes from the queue when it can. Two problems for long-term scheduling（p381） Decide the number of processes that OS can take on, which is decided by the degree of multiprogramming. Which job or jobs to accept and turn into(转化为) processes. Decided by scheduling algorithm，e.g. FCFS、SJF、HRRN etc… When to invoke the long-term scheduler? States of Job: admit, execution, finish Medium-term scheduling（p383） Part of the swapping function(交换功能). Choose processes in disk to swap in for execution. Short-term scheduling（p383） Known as the dispatcher（分派器）, executes most frequently and makes the fine-grained(细粒度) decision of which process to execute next. The event to invoked（引起） the short-term scheduling Clock interrupts I/O interrupts Operating system calls Signals （信号） Scheduling Criteria（准则） T9.2(p385) User Oriented, Performance Related（面向用户，考虑性能） Response time（响应时间）. From the submission（提交） of a request until the response begins to be received. Often be used in time-shared time. Turnaround（周转）time. The interval（间隙） of time between the submission of a process and its completion. Often be used in batch systems. Deadlines（截止期）. The deadlines be specified for a process, such as starting deadlines and completion deadlines. Scheduling