民国时期福建灾荒救济研究-中国近现代史专业毕业论文.docxVIP

内容提要本文以民国时期福建灾荒救济为研究对象，综合运用历史学、社会学(尤 内容提要 本文以民国时期福建灾荒救济为研究对象，综合运用历史学、社会学(尤 其是灾害保障学)、政治学、地理学等学科的有关理论与方法，多层次、多 角度论述了民国时期福建灾荒的概况，考察民因时期福建政府和民间组织的 灾荒救济。重点解读了灾荒下民国社会尤其是政府的救济措施，并从灾害保 障学的角度挖掘蕴含在民国政府灾荒救济中的近代化因素，揭示救济措施中 的缺陷以资今人借鉴。 本文得出的结论是：民国时期福建灾荒救济措施中已经蕴含许多近代化 因素，建立专门的灾害救济行政体系，形成卫生防疫机制，开始有了稳定的 经费来源，并改变传统的单纯救济办法，逐渐实行以教代养的灾害救济制度， 办赈思路灵活。但民国时期福建灾荒救济措施中仍存在诸多缺陷，给予我们 以下几点启示：(一)政府的组织协调能力与办事效率对灾荒救济至关重要。 (二)灾荒救济需要建立一套规范的监督体制。(三)应充分发挥民间社会 力量在救灾中的作用。(四)经济发展水平是健全的灾害社会保障制度得以 建立的基础。 关键词：民国福建灾荒救济评价 AbstractBased Abstract Based on hi Story，SOCiology(especially the calamity studying)，political science，geography，the artiCle studies the famine relief in Fujian province during the Republic of China．The article gives multi——angle and multi——level study about the general situation of the famine，the government and flok organization’S famine relief．It investigates the government’S relief measures especially．It excavates the factors of taking in modern times the government’S famine relief in the calamity ensure studying．The defects among them while seeking were warned，The article also telIs US there were many modern factors in famine telief measure in Fujian province at that time．It set up special calamity and rel ieve administrative system，formed the health epidemic prevention mechanism，begined to have steady funds sources．It Changed the traditional simple relief method，used teaching system taking the place of the calamity raised gradually and the relief thinking WaS flexible．But there were still a great deal of defects． From above，we draw conclusion．Firstly，it is essential for famine relief that the government organizes and coordinates abi]i ty． Secondly，it is need to set up set of normal supervision systems in famine relief．Thirdly，social forces plays import part in providing disaster relief．Finally，sound calamity social securi ty system must be set up on the basi S of generous material． Key words：the Republic of China，Fujian，famine，rel ief，comment 中文摘要“灾”即灾害，是在一定的历史条件下不可抗的自然力对人类生存环境、 中文摘要 “