广东工业大学计算机学院操作系统英文课件Chapter1 Introduction.ppt

Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction A computer system consists of hardware system programs application programs What is an Operating System It is an extended machine Hides the messy details which must be performed Presents user with a virtual machine, easier to use It is a resource manager Each program gets time with the resource Each program gets space on the resource History of Operating Systems (1) Early batch system bring cards to 1401 read cards to tape put tape on 7094 which does computing put tape on 1401 which prints output History of Operating Systems (2) First generation 1945 - 1955 vacuum tubes, plug boards Second generation 1955 - 1965 transistors, batch systems Third generation 1965 – 1980 ICs and multiprogramming Fourth generation 1980 – present personal computers History of Operating Systems (3) Structure of a typical FMS job – 2nd generation History of Operating Systems (4) Multiprogramming system three jobs in memory – 3rd generation The Operating System Zoo Mainframe operating systems Server operating systems Multiprocessor operating systems Personal computer operating systems Real-time operating systems Embedded operating systems Smart card operating systems Computer Hardware Review (1) Components of a simple personal computer Computer Hardware Review (2) (a) A three-stage pipeline (b) A superscalar CPU Computer Hardware Review (3) Typical memory hierarchy numbers shown are rough approximations Computer Hardware Review (4) Structure of a disk drive Computer Hardware Review (5) One base-limit pair and two base-limit pairs Computer Hardware Review (6) (a) Steps in starting an I/O device and getting interrupt (b) How the CPU is interrupted Computer Hardware Review (7) Structure of a large Pentium system Operating System Concepts (1) A process tree A created two child processes, B and C B created three child processes, D, E, and F Operating System Concepts (2) (a) A potential deadlock. (b) an actual deadlock. Operating System Concepts (3) File s