黄海北部海区虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫时空分布预测-环境科学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

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黄海北部海区虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫时空分布预测-环境科学专业毕业论文.docx

摘要 摘要 I I 摘 要 虾夷扇贝自引入我国之后,在辽宁、山东等地迅速发展。目前,天然采苗获得的种苗 在人工养殖中具有明显的优势,对提高养殖效益具有重要意义。但虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫的时 空分布具有较高的不确定性,为天然采苗带来很大困难,因此预测其分布对提高采苗作业 效率至关重要。本文根据已构建的二维预测模型,搭建三维模型,同时加入风场和温度等 物理因素的影响,建立了黄海北部海区虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫时空分布的预测模型,更准确的 模拟了虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫的时空分布。 首先收集黄海北部海区水文资料,对所收集资料进行分析。再根据已验证的二维水动 力模型搭建黄海北部海区的三维水动力场模型,使其水动力场数值模拟结果更加贴近实际 情形。经验证,潮位模拟结果与实测数据吻合。因此,认为本水动力场数值模型可以应用 于模拟黄海北部海区流场。 然后分析虾夷扇贝的生物特性,根据虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫具有被动扩散的特点,应用粒 子追踪模型构建其预测模型。同时在模型中,加入实时风场与温度等因子的影响。通过预 测模型,模拟本海区经简化后的虾夷扇贝浮游粒子受风、潮流共同影响下的被动漂移及扩 散过程。 模型结果显示:虾夷扇贝浮游幼虫的被动漂移路经和扩散范围受海流影响最大;风场 的影响在一定程度上将改变漂移的方向和速度。潮流场主要受月球和太阳引潮力影响,因 此其变化率并不大。而风场受海洋和大陆双重影响,在每年的 4 月初至 5 月底期间,风场 并不稳定。4 月份,其风向以东南风居多,5 月份则以东风和东南风为主。因此在潮流场、 风场及地形影响下的黄海北部海域的水动力场整体流向为自东北向西南,被动漂移的虾夷 扇贝浮游幼虫的输运路径整体方向与其所在水动力场相同,途经辽南沿岸,最终可达旅顺 口—渤海湾沿岸。本结论与相关研究成果相吻合,同时也从数值模拟角度说明了旅顺南岸 虾夷扇贝的幼虫来源问题。 关键词:虾夷扇贝;浮游幼虫;数值模拟;时空分布;预测 Ab Abstract II II Abstract Patinopecten Yessoensis developed rapidly in Liaoning Province, Shandong Province and other places since it was introduced to our country. Currently, the seedling gained from natural has significant advantages in the controlled breeding, which has important significance to improve the breeding efficiency. But the spatial and temporal distribution of Patinopecten Yessoensis planktonic larvae is uncertain, which caused great difficulties of natural seedling. In this paper, based on the built two-dimensional prediction model, a three-dimensional prediction model was set up, in which the effects of wind and temperature and other physical factors was considered to predict the spatial and temporal distribution of Patinopecten Yessoensis planktonic larvae in the Northern Yellow Sea. Firstly, hydrological data of Northern Yellow Sea was collected and analyzed and put into the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. After verification, the tide simulation results consistent with the measured data. Therefore it can be concluded that the hydrodynamic numerical model can be applied to simulate the flow fields in the Northern Yellow Sea. Secondly, the biologic

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