黄河流域实际蒸散（发）模型研究-气象学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

黄河流域实际蒸散(发)模型研究摘要 黄河流域实际蒸散(发)模型研究 摘要 本文利用黄河流域气象、水文及日射站的水平面观测资料，证实了 流域尺度上存在蒸散互补相关关系，进而采用蒸散互补模型对流域年实 际蒸散发量进行估算；用水量平衡法计算的流域多年平均实际蒸散发量 对估算结果进行检验。结果显示，黄河流域多年平均实际蒸散发为 378mm，估算误差控制在8％以内。为今后进行大范围实际蒸散发研究提 供了有益的尝试，本文主要完成以下几个方面工作： 1区域蒸散互补关系的验证 利用432个气象站和512个水文站全国共计944个气象、水文站近 30年的气象、水文资料，采用水量平衡法，计算流域多年平均实际蒸散 发量。选择适合的“潜在蒸散”和“湿润环境蒸散”的估算式，利用相 对潜在蒸散量指标，相对实际蒸散量指标及流域湿润度，通过数据集群 技术，完整模拟并展现了蒸散互补相关关系。 2黄河流域辐射平衡研究 建立不同时空尺度的各辐射要素估算模式，通过误差分析，确定最 优参数并借助遥感技术准确计算区域范围内净辐射值，为进～步计算区 域蒸散提供可靠数据保障。 3黄河流域实际蒸散(发)量估算 利用蒸散互补模型，估算黄河流域实际(发)量。模拟结果显示， 黄河流域多年平均实际蒸散(发)为378mm，估算误差控制在8％vA内。 4实际蒸散(发)量的分布规律 实际蒸散(发)最大值出现在7月份，最小值出现在12月份，东部 实际蒸散(发)量大于西部。 关键词：黄河流域、蒸散互补、辐射平衡、实际蒸散(发) Model Model of Actual EvapotranspiratiOn for the Yellow River Valley Abstract It was substantiated that the complementary relationship of evapotranspiration the Yellow River valley exists by using ground observed data from weather stations，hydrologieal and solar radiation observer．Actual evapotranspiration was reckoned by model and resuhs were verified by explored the secular annual mean basin actual evapotranspiration which was calculated from water model．The resuk shoves that the secular annual mean basin actual evapotranspiration is 378mm in the Yellow River valley and the be controlled in 8％．It Can be used in the larger scale calculation in next research．The main achievements of this project were concluded follows： 1．Substantiation of complementary relationship for evapotranspiration Based nearly 30 years data from 432 weather stations and 5 12 hydrological stations in China，using means of water balance，the secular annual mean actual evapotmnspiration was established．By thorou曲ly analyzing the concept of“potential evaporation”and‘wet environment area evapotranspiration”，using index of comparatively potential evaporation and comparatively actual one，the complementary relationship between actual and potential evapotmnspiration was testified entirely with data integration technique． 2．Study of radiation balance the Yellow R