外文翻译原文环境管理和自然旅游目的地的竞争力.docVIP

外文翻译原文--环境管理和自然旅游目的地的竞争力 Environmental and Resource Economics 24 213–233 2003 213 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers Printed in the Netherlands Environmental Management and the Competitiveness of Nature-Based Tourism Destinations TWAN HUYBERS1 and JEFF BENNETT2 1School of Economics and Management The University of New South Wales Australian Defence Force Academy Canberra ACT 2600 Australia E-mail thuyberscom 2National Centre for Development Studies The Australian National University Accepted 15 August 2002 Abstract Environmental management at nature-based tourism destinations includes a private and a public component The former refers to voluntary environmental protection activities carried out by individual and groups of tourism operators These activities are motivated by the dependence of the product provided by the tourism industry on the quality of the natural environment Public sector management on the other hand refers to the environmental regulations imposed on tourism businesses The overall environmental management structure has a dual effect on the competitive- ness of the tourism industry at nature-based tourism destinations While the industry may benet from environmental management through demand stimulation the tourism businesses also incur the associated management related costs In this paper the overall effect of environmental management on competitiveness as measured by aggregate tourism industry protability is estimated in a case study of Tropical North Queensland Key words competitiveness environmental management region tourism JEL classications L83 Q21 Q26 Q28 R11 1 Introduction Tourism activity has grown rapidly since the Second World War due to advances in technology and increases in standards of living enjoyed across a large part of the world Nature-based tourism is a particularly f