落体法等效原理实验检验中的激光干涉测量系统-理论物理专业毕业论文.docxVIP

华中科技大学硕士学位论文摘 华中科技大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 等效原理是物理学的基本假设之一。它最基本的表述是在局域惯性系中，作用在 物体上的引力和惯性力是无法通过实验加以区分的。人们已经采用了许多种方法来检 验这一原理。不过所有已完成和正在进行的等效原理实验都是检验非旋转物体的等效 性。张元仲等人首次提出检验宏观旋转物体的等效性。分析表明可以通过测量旋转物 体在自由下落过程中受到的加速度差来检验旋转物体的等效性。本文对激光干涉等效 原理实验中光学测量系统的调试工作进行了介绍，如准直系统、干涉系统和角度校准 系统的调节等等：对光学测量系统引进的系统误差进行分析和计算主要包括高斯光束 引入的误差，光线与测线不平行引入的误差。结果表明，本实验中光学系统所带来的 相对误差为△g／g～lO“量级。实验结果表明宏观旋转物体的等效性在lO。7的相对精度 上是成立的。 本人硕士期间的另外一项工作是采用激光干涉的方法测量一些低膨胀系数材料的 线膨胀系数。采用“共路”干涉臂干涉仪，不但能够抵消支架膨胀对材料受热伸长的 影响，还有效地抵消了地面振动对干涉仪的影响。我们采用这种方法对线胀系数在 lO。／。C～10‘7／。C量级的材料的线胀系数进行测量。 关键词： 激光干涉仪，等效原理，光学测量系统，线膨胀系数 华中科技大学硕士学位论文Abstract 华中科技大学硕士学位论文 Abstract The Equivalence Principle(EP)is one of the fundamental physical principles．A basic expression is that gravitational and the inertial forces acting on the mass can’t be distinguished one from another in a local inertial frame．The Equivalence Principle has been tested by many experiments，but non—rotating test masses were used in all of these experiments．A new kind of spin—interaction between gyroscope and Earth is considered here， and a test of the new equivalence principle by comparing gravitational acceleration of rotating body with that of non。rotating body is also proposed．Based on it，an experiment using a free—fall interferometry is carried out in our laboratory．This is the first experiment tO test the equivalence of the rotating extended bodies．In my work，the optical system in the terrestrial EP’ which includes a collimation system． an interferometer and an angle adjustment system，is set up and finished．And then，the systemic error caused by the optical measurement system，such as by the gaussian beam and by the verticality of laser beam，is analyzed and measured．The result shows that the relative error caused by the optical measurement system is at the level of 10～．The final experimental result shows that the equivalence is still valid at the level of 1．6×10一for rotating extended bodies． In additional，the feasibility of measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of some ultra-