第一章 殖民地时期及独立革命时期的美国文学.doc

第一章 殖民地时期及独立革命时期的美国文学 知识结构 William Bradford 布拉德福德 William Bradford 布拉德福德literature Captain John Smith 史密斯literature The colonial and revolutionary American literature The colonial and revolutionary American literature(1607-1781-1815) 殖民地时期及独立革命时期 The colonial American literature殖民地时期 The revolutionary American literature独立革命时期 Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor 泰勒 Roger Williams 威廉斯 Philip Freneau弗瑞诺 Benjamin Franklin富兰克林 Thomas Paine 潘恩 Jonathan Edwards爱德华兹 Thomas Jefferson杰斐逊 知识点精讲 时代背景 The Native American and their cultureIndians. Before Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent, there was no real literature. Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492. Captain Christopher Newport reached Virginia in 1607. Puritans came to the New England area, by Mayflower（五月花号） in 1620. In 1629, the puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony.（马萨诸塞湾） Puritans came to America out of various reasons, but it should be remembered that they were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles. It is true that they wished to escape religious persecution—and the English government regarded its American colony as an ideal dumping ground for the undesirables, but they were also determined to find a place where they could worship in the way they thought true Christians should. They regarded themselves as Gods chosen people, they were meant to reestablish a commonwealth based on the teachings of the Bible, restore the lost paradise, and build the wilderness into a new Garden of Eden. The puritan migration began. The settlement of the North American continent by the English began in the early part of the seventeenth century. The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them Puritans. They carried with them to America a code of values, a philosophy of life, and a point of view, which, in time, took root in the New World and became what is popularly known as American Pur