空心轴类零件内孔开式反挤压成形方法研究-机械制造及其自动化专业毕业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 摘要 摘要 空心轴类零件是机械行业中最为常见的一种零件，在汽车、摩托车和能源开采等 领域有着广泛的应用。目前，该类零件的加工方法常采用塑性成形，不仅能提高材料 利用率和零件力学性能，保证金属流线连续，而且可以满足大批量生产的需求。空心 轴类零件内孔开式反挤压成形是塑性成形方法之一，与闭式反挤压相比，可显著降低 成形力的大小，但由于诸多因素的影响，开式反挤压时极易出现刮料和镦粗失稳等工 艺缺陷。因此，如何制定合理的成形方案，避免产生工艺缺陷，减小成形力，提高模 具寿命，是空心轴类零件内孔开式反挤压成形的关键。 本文以地质钻杆接头为研究对象，根据零件的结构特点，制定了两种成形方案： 空心坯开式反挤压成形方案和实心坯复合挤压成形方案。运用刚塑性有限元分析软件 DEFORM-3D，建立有限元模型，对两种成形方案进行了数值模拟分析对比，显示了 空心坯开式反挤压方案的优越性；通过对空心轴类零件内孔开式反挤压金属成形特性 的研究，得到了开式反挤压成形中各工艺参数对金属成形的影响规律；采用正交实验 设计的方法优化了空心轴类零件内孔开式反挤压各工艺参数，确定了最佳的工艺参 数。 基于上述的研究结果，根据现有设备条件，进行了空心轴类零件内孔开式反挤压 成形工艺试验，试验结果表明，优化后的工艺参数可有效地降低成形力，试件成形质 量良好，达到设计的要求，同时验证了数值模拟结果的正确性。 关键词：开式反挤压 成形力 数值模拟 正交实验设计 工艺试验 I 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The hollow shaft is one of the most common parts in the mechanical industry, which is widely used in automobile、motorcycle、energy exploration and other fields. At present, the processing method of the kind of parts was often used plastic forming, it could not only improve the utilization ratio of material and mechanical properties of parts, ensure continuous metal flow line, but also could meet the requirement of mass production. The open-type inverted extrusion forming for inner hole of hollow shaft is one of the plastic forming methods. Compared with the close-type inverted extrusion, it could significantly reduce the forming force. However, because of the influence of many factors, the extrusion-parts was appeared easily process defects such as scraping and upsetting instability when the process of open-type inverted extrusion. Thus, it is the key for open-type inverted extrusion forming for inner hole of hollow shaft that how to draft a reasonable forming scheme to avoid producing process defects, reduce the forming force and increase die ’s service life. This paper is based on geological drill joint as the research object , according to the structural characteristics of the part, the two different kinds of forming process scheme ,which were the open-type inverted extrusion forming of hollow b