四川师范大学计算机科学学院C语言程序设计英文课件 lecture9.pptVIP

Lec9: Formatted Input/Output 廖雪花 liaoxuehua@163.com TEL: 2008年5月 Objectives To understand input and output streams. To be able to use all print formatting capabilities. To be able to use all input formatting capabilities. Contents Introduction Streams Formatting Output with printf Printing Integers Printing Floating-Point Numbers Printing Strings and Characters Other Conversion Specifiers Printing with Field Widths and Precisions Using Flags in the printf Format-Control String Printing Literals and Escape Sequences Formatting Input with scanf Introduction In this chapter Presentation of results scanf and printf Streams (input and output) gets, puts, getchar, putchar (in stdio.h) Streams Streams Sequences of characters organized into lines Each line consists of zero or more characters and ends with newline character ANSI C must support lines of at least 254 characters Performs all input and output Can often be redirected Standard input – keyboard Standard output – screen Standard error – screen More in Chapter 11 Formatting Output with printf printf Precise output formatting Conversion specifications: flags, field widths, precisions, etc. Can perform rounding, aligning columns, right/left justification, inserting literal characters, exponential format, hexadecimal format, and fixed width and precision Formatting Output with printf Format printf( format-control-string, other-arguments ); Format control string: describes output format Other-arguments: correspond to each conversion specification in format-control-string Each specification begins with a percent sign(%), ends with conversion specifier Printing Integers d Display a signed decimal integer. i Display a signed decimal integer. (Note: The i and d specifiers are different when used with scanf.) o Display an unsigned octal integer. u Display an unsigned decimal integer. x or X Display an unsigned hexadecimal integer. X causes the digits 0-9 and the letters A-F to be displayed and x caus