矩阵形式的素理想回避引理-基础数学专业毕业论文.docx

万方数据 万方数据 A matrix type of prime avoidance lemma Abstract As a simple but very useful lemma in commutative algebra, the prime avoidance lemma may state as follows: Let ?1, ?2, . . . , ?? be prime ideals of a commutative ring ?. If ? is an ideal of ? such that ? is not contained in any ??, then ? 罕 ?1 ∪ ?2 ∪ . . . ∪ ??. The main purpose of this paper is to prove a matrix type of prime avoidance lemma and give an application of the result to the finite free resolution of a module with projective dimension 2. The main results of the paper are the following two theorems. Theorem13.1 Let ? be a ?? × ? matrix with coefficients in a commutative ring ?. Let ?1, ?2, . . . , ?? be prime ideals and ? an ideal of ?. Assume that the rank ideal ? of ? does not lie in ? and any ??, 1 ≤ ? ≤ ?. Then there exists a sequence of elementary row transformations of matrices which keep the first (? ? 1)? rows of ? unchange and transform ? to ? such that the last ? × ? minor of ? does not lie in ? ∪ ?1 ∪ ?2 ∪ . . . ∪ ??. Theorem24.2 Let ? be a noetherian ring, and ?, ?, ?, ? be ? × ? matrices with coefficients in ?. Set (? ? )? ? = ?  , ? = (? ?). Let ?, ? be the rank ideals of ?, ? , respectively. Assume that (i) ?(? ) = ?(? ) = ?; ?? + ?? = 0; ????? ? = 2. We have (1) If ????? ? = 1，the ? = ??; (2) if ????? ? = 2，then ? = ?. Key words: Prime avoidance lemma ; rank ideal ; free resolution of a module. II 万方数据 万方数据 目 录 摘要 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III 第1章 绪论 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 研究问题的背景、现状及意义 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 第2章 预备知识 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .