重庆医科大学儿科学精品课程《儿童保健学》课件：儿童保健-生长发育-神经心理发育（英文）.pptVIP

乱画 scribbles 1-1.5岁 叠纸 folds paper 2岁 搭桥 builds bridge 2-3.5岁 精细运动发育(口诀) 三握 holds object 一岁乱画 scribbles 五抓 grasps object 二岁折纸 folds paper 七换手passes object三岁搭桥 builds bridge 九月对指 thumb-fingers grasps During infancy, great advances in physical abilities occur. Motor development proceeds in two directions: (1) from the center of the body out to the arms, hands, and fingers (2) from the top of the body downward. Development in the outward direction is known as proximodistal ( “near” to “far” ) development; this trend leads to ever-increasing skill in using the hands. Development in the downward direction is known as cephalocaudal ( “head” to “tail”) development; this trend eventually leads to using the legs to stand and walk. 2 lifts head 4 rolls over 6 sits 8 creeps 10 stands 12 walks 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 头尾规 律 （months） “head” to “tail” Language Development 语言的发育 Language is essential to our culture as it provides the symbolic code for communication and for our thought process. Spoken language, that uniquely human achievement, emerges over the course of the first few years of life. Babies listen, attend to certain noises, show preference for certain tones, and soon begin to produce the sounds of their native tongue. Newborn reflexive communication- cries, movement, facial expression. 3-6 months new sounds, including squeals, growls, croons, trills, vowel sounds. 6-10months Babbling, including both consonant and vowel sounds repeated in syllables. Babbling Extended repetition of certain syllables, such as “ba,ba,ba”, “ma,ma,ma”, “da,da,da” that begin at about 6 or 7 months. 10-12months Comprehension of simple words; simple intonations; specific vocalizations that have meaning to those who know the infant well. Motor skills develop rapidly during the first two years, partly because infants take advantage of every opportunity to use whatever ab