Non-- Linear- Models课件.pptVIP

. . . . . . Non-Linear Models * 。 Non-Linear Growth models many models cannot be transformed into a linear model The Mechanistic Growth Model Equation: or (ignoring e) “rate of increase in Y” = * 。 The Logistic Growth Model or (ignoring e) “rate of increase in Y” = Equation: * 。 The Gompertz Growth Model: or (ignoring e) “rate of increase in Y” = Equation: * 。 Non-Linear Regression * 。 Non-Linear Regression Introduction ? Previously we have fitted, by least squares, the General Linear model which were of the type: ? Y = b0 + b1X1 + b2 X2 + ... + bpXp + e ? * 。 the above equation can represent a wide variety of relationships. there are many situations in which a model of this form is not appropriate and too simple to represent the true relationship between the dependent (or response) variable Y and the independent (or predictor) variables X1 , X2 , ... and Xp. When we are led to a model of nonlinear form, we would usually prefer to fit such a model whenever possible, rather than to fit an alternative, perhaps less realistic, linear model. Any model which is not of the form given above will be called a nonlinear model. * 。 This model will generally be of the form: ? Y = f(X1, X2, ..., Xp| q1, q2, ... , qq) + e * ? where the function (expression) f is known except for the q unknown parameters q1, q2, ... , qq. * 。 Least Squares in the Nonlinear Case * 。 Suppose that we have collected data on the Y, (y1, y2, ...yn) corresponding to n sets of values of the independent variables X1, X2, ... and Xp (x11, x21, ..., xp1) , (x12, x22, ..., xp2), ... and (x12, x22, ..., xp2). * 。 For a set of possible values q1, q2, ... , qq of the parameters, a measure of how well these values fit the model described in equation * above is the residual sum of squares function where is the predicted value of the response variable yi from the values of the p independent variables x1i, x2i, ..., xpi using the model in equation * and the values of the parameters q1