How- Many- Functional- Sequences- Are- There-in- Our- Genomes课件.pptVIP

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How- Many- Functional- Sequences- Are- There-in- Our- Genomes课件.ppt

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* * * * * * * * * * * * How Many Functional Sequences Are There in Our Genomes? Deng-Ke Niu College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, China /teachers/niudk_files/niudk_e.htm dkniu@, dengkeniu@ ++86-10* Genetic information is stored in DNA and so DNA sequences are … Since a very long time ago, humans have recognized the certain traits could be passed on from parents to children. Since about 100 years ago, humans know that the passage is through genetic information called genes. Since about 60 years ago, humans found that the genetic information is stored in DNA sequences. DNA sequences are the treasures that control heredity. * Genetic information is stored in DNA and so DNA sequences are … But wait … You and me exchange messages through emails. And so all the emails running on internet are useful? Genetic information = DNA sequences DNA sequences Genetic information Genetic information DNA sequences DNA sequences Genetic information * C-value paradox and junk DNA Genome size does not correlate with organismal complexity. From /2012/09/a-brief-history-of-rubbish/ * C-value paradox and junk DNA The great variations in genome size suggested that some genomes contain a substantial fraction of DNA that do not code for proteins or their regulatory signals. These DNA sequences are called junk DNA. However, it was not clear whether a particular genome (like humans) has a substantial fraction of junk DNA. * Most sequences of the human genome do not have obvious functions From /2012/09/a-brief-history-of-rubbish/ The number of protein-coding genes in the human genome is only 20,000-25,000, which is much smaller than estimated before genome sequencing (150,000) and that of Arabidopsis thaliana (27,029?). From /sci/techresources/Human_Genome/faq/genenumber.shtml and /pmc/articles/PMC2238962/ Sequences with obvious functions represent a very small fraction of the human genome. * After human genome: Finding Treasures in Junk They must have functions t