两个水稻株高突变体的遗传分析和基因定位及稻粒黑粉病防治新技术-遗传学专业论文.docxVIP

吴 吴 成 四川大学博士学位论文 摘 要 株高是水稻品种的重要农艺性状之一。本论文对两个新发现的水稻株高突 变体进行了遗传分析和基因定位，结果如下： SSR多态性分析证明小粒矮秆突变体162d是由半矮秆品种蜀恢162突变产 生的，其株高为亲本正常高度的1／4左右，粒籽为正常大小的l／4左右。遗传 分析表明162d的小粒矮生性由一对隐性基因控制，微卫星标记分析表明该突 变基因位于水稻第3染色体短臂，距1弛1218 3．5cM。认为162d突变基因是一个 新的水稻小粒矮秆基因，暂命名为以韶(t)。 SSR多态性分析证明高秆突变体Dlll是从二个半矮秆品种6442S．7和蜀恢 881杂交后代突变产生的，其株高比亲本蜀恢881高63％。遗传分析表明Dlll 的高秆性状由一对显性基因控制。因此，认为D111是首例由半矮秆品种突变 产生的水稻显性高秆突变体。等位性测验表明D1ll和高秆对照品种南京6号 的高秆基因是紧密连锁或等位的，微卫星标记分析表明Dll 1高秆基因位于水 稻第一染色体长臂，距RM302 21．9cM。然而，秆型分析结果暗示D111高秆基 因可能比南京6号高秆基因活化时间早、作用强度大。故认为Dlll‘高秆突变 基因可能是一个不同于南京6号高秆基因的新基因，暂命名为LC(t)。 另一方面，针对稻粒黑粉病严重危害杂交水稻种子生产的状况，用生物农 药、化学农药和营养元素肥料研制出稻粒黑粉病综合防治剂“抗黑95”，它对 该病害有极显著的防治效果。近年来大力开展以综合防治剂抗黑95为核心的稻 粒黑粉病防治新技术的应用推广，取得了显著的社会经剂效益。 关键词：水稻；小粒矮秆基因：显性高秆突变：遗传分析；基因定位：稻粒黑 粉病；病害防治技术 墨 墨 些 婴型苎兰坐!：兰垡堡墨 AB STRACT Plant height was one 0f the important agronomiC trai tS of rice． In thiS thesiS，two new P1ant height mutants 0f rice were analyzed genetically．and mutant genes were tagged by using microsatellite markers，which results were as the following： SSR Polymorphic analysiS demonstrated that a small grain dwarf mutant 162d derived from a semidwarf variety 5huhui 162 through gene muration．The mutant had about a quarter of normal plant height and a quarter of normal grain Spared with the near isogenic 1ine Shuhui 162．GenetiC analysiS showed that the small grain dwarfism of 162d was controlled by one recessive gene．．Hicrosatellite analysiS suggested that the mutant gene located on the short arm of rice chromosome 3，3．5c,H from microsatellite marker RM218．Therefore．the mutant gene of 162d was considered to be a new small grain dwarf gene in rice and designated tentatively as d／62(t)． SSR Polymorphie analysiS demonstrated that a long—culm mutanc D11l derired from hybrid progeny of two semidwarf varieties，6442S一7 and Shuhui 88l，through muration．Dlll was 83％higher than its parent Shuhui 881．Genetic analysiS showed that the long—CUim trait 0f 0l【1 was controlled by one dominant gene．Therefore．it was considered that Olll was the f