临沂市肺结核患病情况及营养与健康知识知晓情况调查分析-营养与食品卫生学专业论文.docxVIP

摘要目的：了解肺结核患者的患病情况和营养与健康知识知晓情况，为肺结核病 摘要 目的：了解肺结核患者的患病情况和营养与健康知识知晓情况，为肺结核病 防治提供科学依据。方法：选取临沂市郯城与沂水两县共1713名肺结核患者为 病例组和1608名非结核人群为对照组，由经统一培训的调查员进行面对面的问 卷调查，调查内容包括基本情况、疾病情况、心理及行为习惯、知识知晓、饮食 情况等；并对所有研究对象进行体格检查及临床实验室检测，项目有身高、体重、 血压、血红蛋白、空腹血糖、血脂(胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白)、谷丙 转氨酶、谷草转氨酶等。结果：肺结核病例组高血压检出率为15．94％，低于对 照组(24．13％)(p0．01)；血脂分析显示病例组高胆固醇和高甘油三酯血症检 出率为6．71％和5．78％，明显低于对照组(12．13％和13．49％)；而在结核病患者 中，糖尿病和消瘦检出率分别为5．55％和10．92％，明显高于对照组(4．73％和 3．80％)。调查发现肺结核患者膳食营养及健康知识的知晓率均较低。肺结核患 者对人体所需五类营养物质的知晓率仅为9．5％，哪种蔬菜含有水溶性维生素较 高的知晓率为18．2％，均明显低于对照人群(p值均小于0．01)；对引起高血压 因素的知晓率及如何防治高血压的知晓率分别仅为2．9％和4．4％，对糖尿病“三 多一少”临床表现的知晓率及对糖尿病五个主要诱发因素的知晓率分别为15．6 ％和11．3％，明显低于对照组。甚至肺结核患者对肺结核病主要症状的知晓率也 仅有34．5％，明显低于对照组的40．2％(p0．01)。结论：肺结核病例组消瘦 及糖尿病的检出率较高，而高血压、高胆国醇和高甘油三酯的检出率较低；对膳 食营养和疾病防治知识的知晓率较低，说明肺结核患者营养状况较差，健康知识 缺乏，建议对结核病患者抗结核治疗的同时加强膳食营养指导和健康教育。 硕士研究生陈璐(营养与食品卫生学) 指导教师 马爱国教授 关键词：肺结核病；营养与健康知识；知晓率 A A Survey of Nutrition and Health Knowledge and epidemic situation Among Tuberculosis Patients Abstract objective In order to investigate the level of awareness rate of nutrition and Health knowledge influence factors and disease situation about tuberculosis among tuberculosis patients，SO to provide directions for TB treatment and education． Methods Totally 1 7 1 3 tuberculosis patients and 1 608 matched group people were selected as subjects from Tancheng and Yishui．Face—tO-face questionnaires were carried out by trained professional investigators，mainly included basic situation，disease situation，the psychology and behavior habit and knowledge about diet；and physical examination and clinical laboratory testing were carried out，included height，weight，blood pressure，hemoglobin，fasting plasma glucose， cholesterol，triglycerides，high density lipoprotein，alanine transaminase，aspertate aminotranferase and glutamy transferase． Results The tuberculosis patient group blood pressure levels was 15．94％，it was lower than matched group(24．13％)pO．01)；the prevalence rate of Hypertension and hJigh triglyceride were 6．7 1％and 5．78％．it Was lOWer th