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The Role of the Native Language in Second Language Acquisition The role of native language in second language acquisition has come to be known as “language transfer.” It has been assumed that in a second language learning situation learners rely extensively on their native language. According to Lado (1957) individuals tend to transfer forms and meanings, the distribution of the forms and meanings of their native language and culture to the foreign language and culture. This transfer is productive when the learner attempts to speak the language. This transfer is receptive when the learner attempts to grasp and understand the language and culture as practiced by native speakers. Lado’s work and much of the work of that time (1950’s) was based on the need to produce pedagogically relevant materials. A contrastive analysis of the native language and the target language was conducted in order to determine similarities and differences in the languages. Language Transfer Framework for Explaining L1 Transfer The L1 system is used for both comprehension and production. The interlanguage system is also used in comprehending and receiving messages. The L1 system is used in hypothesis construction responsible for interlanguage development. Comprehensible input serves as a major source of information for hypothesis construction. L2 output may be used for hypothesis construction. Language Transfer Toward a Theory of First Language Transfer An important distinction not always made in discussions of transfer is between transfer in L2 communication and transfer in L2 learning. Transfer in communication involves the use of the L1 either to receive incoming messages (reception) or to process output (production). Transfer in learning occurs when the learner uses the L1 in an attempt to develop hypotheses about L2 rules. There are several possibilities for transfer: 1) it is primarily a characteristic of communication 2) it is prima