框架塔设备动力特性的研究-化工过程机械专业论文.docxVIP

中文摘要本文主要针对石油化工厂的框架塔设备的动力特性进行了分析研 中文摘要 本文主要针对石油化工厂的框架塔设备的动力特性进行了分析研 究。在用克雷洛夫法求解悬臂梁横向振动方程的基础上，将框架简化 为弹性支承，同时考虑框架质量对框架塔的影响，推导出了求解框架 塔固有频率与振型的理论方程。采用有限单元法模拟计算了弹性系数 比(支承点处框架的弹性系数与塔体的弹性系数的比)与框架的高度 对框架塔动力特性的影响，并首次运用有限元法对框架塔在集中载荷 作用下的塔顶位移响应作了初步探讨。 为验证理论计算和有限单元模拟计算的正确性，本文建立了两个 不同框架高度的试验模型，并进行了试验研究。试验结果表明理论计 算、有限单元法的模拟计算与试验值是吻合的。并在试验中对框架高 度不变，只改变支承点位置对框架塔的影响进行了研究，为工程实际 中框架塔设备的设计提供试验数据。 有限元模拟计算结果和试验结果表明，框架塔是一个有机整体， 计算时必须综合考虑框架各个因素的影响。同时根据弹性系数比的大 小，将框架塔划分为三种不同的数学模型进行计算。弹性系数比小于 0．1时，可简化为单塔：弹性系数比大于500，可简化为带有铰支座的 塔设备；当弹性系数比为0．1～500时，就必须考虑框架的影响。 框架与塔的弹性系数比对框架塔的动力特性影响比较大。随弹性 系数比的增加，框架塔的相对频率随之上升，塔顶位移随弹性系数比 增加而下降，当弹性系数比为20时，一阶塔项位移达到最低值。 随着相对高度的增加，一阶相对固有频率下降。塔顶位移随着相 对高度的增加而下降，从塔项位移随相对高度的变化规律看，为了控 制塔顶的振幅，在距离塔顶肜笞的约束能有效降低塔顶位移。 关键词：框架塔相对频率振幅有限单元法 ABSTRACTThis ABSTRACT This paper is focused on study of the dynamical characteristics of tower with frame，which is frequently encountered in many Petrochemical industries．On the assumption that the tower with frame can be represented by multi-segment cantilever carrying a spring support and the mass of frame may be considered as a part of that of the tower,A mathematical expressions to describe the natural frequencies and to determine the mode shapes oftower with frame is obtained by solving the equation of the transverse vibration of the beam．The influence of spring constant ratio(the ratio of frame’s spring constant and that of toweO and frame height on the dynamical characteristics of tower with flame is studied bY finite element method(FEM)．In addition，a preliminary investigation on the motion response of the top of the tower to local load is also included． To verify the results of theoretic calculation and FEA results，test measurements of dynamical characteristics have been made on two different height of frame．Experimental results are found in good agreement with calculation results．The influence of support position on the dynamical characteristics of tower with frame has been investigated as well，which may provides test data for the design