《生理学》 CHAPTER 2. BASIC FUNCTION OF THE CELL.pptVIP

Chapter 2. Basic Function of the Cell There are about 100 trillion(万亿) cells in a human being ( red blood cells about 25 trillion). Each of 100 trillion is a living structure that can survive and reproduce itself. If to understand the function of organs and other structures of the body, it is essential that we first understand the basic organization of the cell and the function of its component parts. Review the basic structure of Cell Cell membrane cell protoplasm :water etc. cytoplasma Organelle: Neucleus etc Neucleus : Nuclear membrane Neucleolus : Contain RNA, DNA Mitochondria : provide energy, ATP Endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosome （核蛋白体）：related to protein synthesis smooth endoplasmic reticulum related to production of lipid and glucose Golgi apparatus (高尔基体) Lysome (溶酶体)：digest aging or damage structures Microtuble(微管) The components of cytoplasma: Water 80%, protein 14% Lipid 2%, others 4% Section I Transport of Substances Through the Cell Membrane These differences are important to the life of the cell 1 Chemical components and Molecular structure of the Cell Membrane (1)Fluid- mosaic Model The cell membrane and membranes of organelles are composed of Lipids and proteins: Protein : Lipid = 4:1 – 1:4 Depending on the functional activities of membranes a lipid bilayer 1890, Overton, cell membranes have higher permeability to fatty – soluble substances. Suggesting : cell membrane is composed of lipid. 1925, Gorter and Grender Based on the experimental results about area of the red blood cells, believed the membrane Lipids were arranged in a bilayer manner Fluid mosaic model 1972, Singer and Nicholson Main point: a lipid bilay as the frame of cell membrane; Interspersed in a lipid bilayer are larger globular protein molecules. (Figure.) Lipid barrier of the cell membrane prevents water penetration The phosphate end o