《生理学》 CHAPTER II ENDOCRINE SYSTEM-1.pptVIP

Chapter II Endocrine System Section I Introduction to Endocrine System Endocrine and nervous systems coordinate complex body functions. Classic distinction between these two is that the endocrine system communicates to distant tissues through blood-borne chemicals while the nervous system communicates to adjacent tissues by local chemical release. Endocrine and Endocrine system 1 Elicitation of endocrine concept 1855,Claud Benard: primary concept of endocrine: Liver cells release glucose into blood by a manner which is different from exocrine(外分泌) 1902～1905， Bayliss and Starling’ experiment: after the mucosa of small intestine with blood vessel and without nerves was stimulated by HCl solution, the secretion of pancreatic juice increased, but didn’t when the HCl solution was injected into blood. Further demonstrated which was related to secretin(促胰液素) released by mucosa cells of small intestine. 1905, W.B. Hardy produced a term: Hormone (激素) Later, Penole elicited the concept of endocrinology (内分泌学) Endocrine system A signals transmission system composing of classic endocrine glands and some tissues as well as organs which have endocrine functions. Endocrine cells secrete hormones → Change activities of target cell → produce physiological and biochemical responses (play a role in feedback) Endocrine glands: anterior pituitary, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas gland, adrenal gland, gonadal glands (testes, ovaries), etc. (Fig Ⅱ-1) and Table Ⅱ-1 Tissues and organs with endocrine cells For example: Placenta (hCG) Mucosa of digestive tract (gastrin, CCK, etc.) myocardiac cells can contract and secret peptid substances(ANP, 心房钠尿肽) Coordination of body functions by interplay of several types of communication systems: Neural: neurotransmitters are released at synaptic junctions and act locally to control cell function. Endocrine: glands or specialized cells release into circulating blood chemicals that influence