《生理学》CELL TO CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION ACROSS MEMBRANE.pptVIP

Section III Cell to cell Communication and Signal Transduction across Membrane Cell to cell Communication Several types of communication 1)Jap junction(缝隙连接) Two neighboring cells communicate by a connexin(连接蛋白)which is a protein channel allowing the substances exchanges(amino acid, ions, ATP and CAMP etc.) and electrical signals transmission. For instant, heart muscle paracine cells secrete substances(hormones, etc) that diffuse into the extracellular fluid and affected neighboring cells. autocrine(自分泌) a cell secretes substances that affect the function of the same cell by binding to the cell surface receptors. Long distance communication(长距离通讯) endocrine glands or specialized cells release into the circulating blood chemicals(hormones) that influence the function of cells at another location neuroendocrine neurons release neurohormones(神经激素)into the circulating blood to influence the function of cells at another location. neural electrical impulses(action potential) reach the end of nerve fiber→ releasing neurotrans mitter(chemical signal) into synaptic junctions→ influencing the function of post synaptic neuron.(Fig 2-19) cytokine(细胞因子) It is an important factor in the chemical signal transduction. At early studies, mainly focus on the proteins which participate in the immunological reactions. For instant, interleukin(白介素)and interferon(干扰素) etc. Recently, extend to many regulatory peptides including NGF, BDNGF etc. Regulatory manners: autocrine and paracrine: in the cell development and differentiation( local signal) long distance communication: in the stress reaction or the inflammatory reaction. Receptors and Signal Transduction across Membrane Receptors The first step of a hormone’s action is to bind to specific receptors at the target cell. After the hormone combines with its receptor, usually initiates a cascade(级联式) of reactions in the cell. The locations for different types of hormone receptors In or on the surface of the