《生理学》CHAPTER 3 BLOOD.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Blood Section 1 Blood components and its properties Functions of blood 1. Place of exchange of substances between interstitial fluid and external environment 2. Transport 3. Buffer function 4. To keep body temperature relatively constant 5. Hemostasis 6. Defense function  1. Components of blood plasma blood cells: red blood cells (erythrocytes) white blood cells platelets Blood volume: 70-80ml/Kg, 7-8% of body weight Hematocrit  men is about 40～50%, women is about 37～48%. 2. Physical and chemical properties  of blood (1) Specific gravity blood: 1.050～1.060. RBC number plasma: 1.025～1.030. Content of plasma proteins RBC:1.090 ～1.092. hemoglobin (2) Viscosity Viscosity of plasma is 1.2-1.3 times  that of water, viscosity of whole  blood is 2.4 times of plasma.  Factors of affecting viscosity a. hemotocrit b. Shear rate  Shear is a ratio of velocity difference  of adjacent layers to distance  between two fluid layers in laminar  flow. (3) plasma osmolality — 313 mOsm/Kg H20. 1 gram mole of non-ionizable substance is equal to 1 osmole. If a substance ionizes into 2 ions, 0.5 gram mole of the substance equals 1 osmole. Osmotic pressure is determined by the number of particle, instead of the mass of the solute. The osmolal concentration of a solution is called its osmolality, expressed by osmole perKg. H20.  At 37℃, 1 osmolality will cause  19300 mmHg osmotic pressure. Plasma osmolality is 0.313Osm  /Kg. H20  0.313×19300 = 5330 mmHg Isoosmotic solutionhyperosmotic solutionhypoosmotic solutionIsotonic solution 4. RBC fragility. 0.42% NaCl solution--begin hemolysis 0.35%NaCl solution--complete hemolysis 5. Plasma pH 7.35-7.45 Section 2 Genesis of blood cells A. Genesis of blood cells (hemopoiesis)