《生理学》 BIOELECTRICAL PHENOMENON AND EXCITABILITY.pptVIP

Section II Bioelectrical Phenomenon and Excitability Electrical potentials exist across the membranes of all cells of the body. “Excitable cells or tissues” for instant: nerve and muscle cells can generate rapidly changing electrochemical impulses at the membranes. Other cells: glandular cells, macrophage, ciliated cell etc. Local changes in membrane potentials play significant roles in controlling many of cell’s functions. Electrofish Application of bioelectrical phenomenon in clinic: EEG(脑电图)，ECG(心电图)， EMG（肌电图）etc. Measurement of cellular bioelectricity The method for measuring the membrane potential is simple in the theory but often difficult in practice due to the small sizes of most of the fiber. Figure 2-9 shows: When the “indifferent electrode” and recording electrode( a glass microelectrode containing an electrolyte solution ) are put on the surface of cell membranes, no potential difference is recorded between two recording sites( the potential is zero). When the recording electrode passes through the cell membrane, the potential decreases rapidly to -90 millivolts Resting membrane potential At the resting condition ( the cells or the nerve fibers are not stimulated), the potential difference existing between the outside and inside of the membranes is called resting membrane potential. Extent of the resting membrane potential -10~100mV Means the potential inside the cell or the fiber is 10 to 100 millivolts more negative than the potential in the extracellular fluid on the outside of the cell or the fiber. The resting membrane potentials of nerve fiber and muscle cell of mammalian are about -70~90mV. Several physiological terms Polarization(极化)：the state of resting membrane potential that is, negative potential exists inside of the membrane, positive potential outside of the membrane Depolarization(去极化或除极化)：negative potential value inside the membrane decreases (-70mV→ -60mV) Hyperpolarization(超极化)：negative potential value inside the membrane increases(