声学方法海底底质分类研究-声学专业论文.docx

声学方法海底底质分类研究摘要 声学方法海底底质分类研究 摘要 海底底质分类研究在军用和民用上有着非常广阔的应用前景。在民用方面， 修筑港口，建设跨海大桥；军用方面，匹配场定位、低频远程声纳作用距离预报、 潜艇沉底隐蔽地点选择等方面都有广泛的应用。 本文针对声学方法海底底质分类问题进行了研究。主要研究了反演底质声学 参数和统计特征量两种方法。在反演底质声学参数方法中，通过改进冲击响应提 取方法。提高了反演精度和稳定性。统计特征量方法中，改进了子带能谱特征量 提取方法；独立提出了散射信号相平面特征量提取方法。 利用反演和统计特征量提取方法，对实验室声脉冲管数据和海上实际调查数 据(200组)进行了具体分析处理，得出以下结论： (1)声阻抗反演方法可以用于表层海底分类。实验室声脉冲管数据反演误差仅 为1．3％，这一误差范围不超过海底分类的精度要求：海上调查数据反演结 果整体偏小，但每个站位的数据反演结果方差小(如图3．13)，两类海底差 别明显。 (2)统计特征量方法也可用于海底分类。本文对于每一组海上试验数据获取两 两互不相关的4个统计特征量。改进后的子带能谱法提取出的两个特征量 互不相关性更强，做出的二维样本分布图与传统的办法相比效果更好。本 文提出的相平面方法是～种新的办法，对现有的两类海底散射信号数据处 理效果很好，其有效性需要进一步验证。 关键词：声阻抗反演、声脉冲管、统计特征量、子带能谱、相平面 A A Study on AcousticaI CIassification of Sediment Abstract Sea bottom classification has a great perspective on civil engineenng and on military engineering．In civil engineering applications，for example harbor—constructing and bridge-building，need information of sea bottom．In military engineering applications．identification of sea bottom types are vary important for match field location．10w-frequency sonar distance forecast，and choosing the location for submarine． In this thesis，a study on the sea bottom classification by using acoustical method is made Two kinds of methods were used：acoustic impedance inversion(A11)method and statistical characters extraction(SCE)of sound echo method．In AII method．the precision and stability of inverse results have been improved through mending the impulse response technique．A Lab—experiment is made to verify the precision of the A11．The relative error of inversed impedance for sound pulse tube data is 1．3％ approximately．In SCE method，a sub—band frequency energy technique has been improved and a new technique which is based on phase plane technique has been proposed．Four characteristic quantities have been extracted and used in data．analysis． By using these two methods hereinbefore，we have dealt with sound pulse tube data and 200-set survey data of sea bottoms of five positions．We summarize the results as follows： 1)The AII of sur