肿瘤的生物和免疫治疗.pptx

肿瘤的生物和免疫治疗;What is biological therapy? Biological therapy involves the use of living organisms, substances derived from living organisms, or laboratory-produced versions of such substances to treat disease. Some biological therapies for cancer use?vaccines?or?bacteria?to stimulate the body’s immune system to act against cancer?cells. These types of biological therapy, which are sometimes referred to collectively as “immunotherapy” or “biological response modifier therapy,” do not target cancer cells directly. Other biological therapies, such as?antibodies?or segments of genetic material (RNA?or?DNA), do target cancer cells directly. Biological therapies that interfere with specific?molecules?involved in?tumor?growth and progression are also referred to as?targeted therapies. ;Biological therapy for cancer is a type of treatment that uses the bodys immune system to kill cancer cells.;主要内容;一、肿瘤免疫治疗概念 肿瘤免疫治疗（cancer immunotherapy）是利用人体的免疫机制，通过主动或被动的方法来增强患者免疫功能，达到杀伤肿瘤细胞的目的，为肿瘤生物治疗方法之一。 ;;1894,William B.Coley,纽约外科医生;Coley 采取了大胆的行动!;灭活的链球菌和变形杆菌的混合物（Coley毒素）;;In 2015, the FDA approved PD-1 /PD-L1 （Nivolumab， pembrolizumab ） immunotherapies to treat the most common forms of advanced lung and kidney cancer?; 肿瘤免疫治疗的原理是通过增强抗肿瘤免疫应答和打破肿瘤的免疫抑制产生抗肿瘤作用。 ;主要内容;Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) Cancer vaccinesBlood cell growth factors Cancer growth blockers Drugs that block cancer blood vessel growth (anti angiogenics) Interferon and Interleukin 2 (immunotherapy) Gene therapy;发挥免疫应答的成员？;天然免疫系统： 肥大细胞、单核/巨噬细胞、中性/嗜碱性粒细胞、树突状细胞、自然杀伤细胞； 特异性免疫细胞： T细胞、B细胞;第二节 肿瘤免疫治疗分类;第二节 肿瘤免疫治疗分类;;;;已批准进行Ⅲ期临床试验及临床应用的肿瘤疫苗举例;;1.肿瘤细胞疫苗;1.肿瘤细胞疫苗;抗肿瘤免疫机制;;1.什么是肿瘤抗原？;机体产生肿瘤抗原的可能机制为：;1．感应阶段： 1）抗原递呈细胞（APC）对外源性抗原的加工、处理、递呈 2）T细胞对抗原的识别;APC;;B细??;CTL细胞介导的免疫应答可直接杀伤肿瘤细胞; Th细胞可以活化免疫系统的其它成分，在控制具有免疫原性肿瘤细胞的生长中起重要的作用。;（1）CTL杀伤靶细胞的机制;(2)体液免疫;抗体的抗肿瘤机制?;A.激活补体系统溶解肿瘤细胞 ;跨膜孔道;B.抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒作用(ADCC) ;C.抗体的调理作用opsonization ;;;; ①肿瘤全细胞疫苗 富含肿瘤抗原，如自体肿瘤细胞疫苗具有全部肿瘤细胞的抗原。肿瘤全细胞疫苗必须完全灭活才能临床使用。 例:结肠癌疫苗OncoVAX是经放射处理的患者