孔子“中庸”思想与亚里士多德“中道”思想地比较.docVIP

实用标准文案 PAGE 1 文档大全 孔子“中庸”思想与亚里士多德“中道”思想的比较 09级法理学专业 姓名：杨秀芝 学号：1200900096 摘要： 孔子的中庸思想和亚里斯多德的中道思想几乎产生于相同的历史时代。它们在理性精神，思想方法等观点上显示出高度的一致。但是，由于孔子和亚里斯多德处于迥异的历史文化背景下，看似相通的中庸和中道思想在如何对待社会道德及个人意志自由等问题上有着不同的认知内涵。孔子的中庸思想在实践上最终走向了要求个人道德选择和道德修养必须有利于封建礼教伦理所要求的封建宗法统治秩序的维护和达致社会和谐的道路。亚里士多德的中道思想在时间上走向了在尊重个人意志自由的基础上寻求社会公正的道路，为西方建立法制和民主制度社会提供了厚实的理论基础。这两种伦理思想的不同发展方向，也对受此引导的东西方文化的人们的价值取向及思维方式产生重大影响。 关键字：亚里士多德；孔子；中道；中庸 Abstract: Kong Zis doctrine of the mean thought and Aristotles middle course thought produce nearly in the same historical time. They in the rational spirit, viewpoints and so on thinking method demonstrate the high consistency. But, because Kong Zi and Aristotle are under the different history cultural context, looked that resembles doctrine of the mean which and middle course thought is interlinked how, to treat questions and so on social morals and individual freedom of will has the different cognition connotation. Kong Zis doctrine of the mean thought moved toward finally in the practice has requested individual moral choice and the moral training must be advantageous the feudal clanlaw rule order maintenance which requested in the feudal ethics and rites ethics and attains the social harmonious path. Yalishiduode middle course thought moved toward in the time in has respected individual freedom of will in the foundation to seek the social equity the path, the position West establishment legal system and the democratic system society has provided the thick rationale. These two ethics thought different development direction, also to receives this guidance the East and West culture peoples value orientation and the thinking mode has the major impact. Key words: Yalishiduode; Kong Zi; Middle course; Doctrine of the mean 绪论 中庸和中道思想作为中国和希腊传统道德的重要精神两千多年间，深刻地影响和指导着东方和西方思想文化和社会的发展。 孔子是东方传统文化的创始人，亚里士多德是西方传统文化的源头人物。在伦理思想上，孔子在中国首倡中庸，亚里士多德则在希腊强调中道。古希腊著名智者普罗塔戈拉说过：“人是万物的尺度。”人为什么会是万物的尺度？因为自从人类生活在宇宙之中，人就天生的将自己置于宇宙和万物的中心位置。中庸，中道之类的思想观念正是从人在天地之中的这个“中”来的。古往今来的人们尽管提出过各种各样的“中”，