拉线塔动特性分析的工况模态方法-机械工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘 要 I I 摘 要 正常运行的输电铁塔在复杂载荷作用下会发生振动，严重时还将造成塔线体系 倒塌、破坏等事故，研究铁塔结构动特性以及振动控制方法具有重要意义。工况模 态方法是基于自然环境激励下，通过结构的响应来辨识模态参数的方法，与传统的 实验模态研究方法相比具有不影响被测设备的运行、无需激励设施、安全性好、节 约人工成本等特点。 本文将工况模态方法应用于拉线塔结构动力学特性的分析。编制了自互功率谱 法的分析软件，假设环境激励为白噪声，以典型的悬臂梁模型为对象，采用白噪声 信号发生器和激振器进行实验研究，理论和实验对比，验证了本文分析方法和软件 的正确性；结合工程课题对拉线塔的动特性分析，设计制作了一个拉线塔实验模型， 并通过有限元理论分析和基于自互谱的 OMA 方法获得了该拉线塔模型的各阶振动 频率。 研究结果表明：采用 OMA 方法和软件分析风况下拉线塔固有频率，与有限元 分析和传统力锤实验得到拉线塔第一阶主柱弯曲的固有频率相同，并且 OMA 方法 分析得到的固有频率包含了传统力锤击振的结果，误差在可允许的范围内，证明了 应用工况模态方法分析拉线塔结构动特性的有效性。本文还分析了三种方法结果存 在误差的原因。这是运用工况模态分析方法对拉线塔动特性研究的一次有效尝试。 关键词：拉线塔；环境激励；工况模态；自互功率谱法；有限元分析 II II Abstract When TransmissionTowe structure in normal operation, the tower withstand a variety of environmental loads so that lead the structure vibration, even more make some severely accidents such as Transmission Tower-line System collapse and damaged. So the research on tower structural dynamic analysis and vibration control method is special significance. Compared with traditional mode analysis operational modal analysis does not use incentive facilities and affect equipment operation, which is not only safety but saving labor costs ,because operational modal analysis identify the structural’s modal parameters only bases on the response of structural inspired by the natural environment . Dynamic characteristics of guyed tower structure are analyzed by operational modal analysis method. An analyzing program is also compiled with auto-cross power spectrum method. Assuming ambient excitation is white noise，signal generator and vibration exciter are utilized to generate random excitation for a model of cantilever beam. The correctness of the method used in this paper is testified by comparing the theoretical and experimental results. Combining with the practical projects, the dynamic characteristics of guyed tower are studied. The experiments include modal tests, vibration tests by knocking, shaking tests in the nature wind condition on the guyed tower.Based on auto-cross power spectrum method,