第2课数据预处理技术培训课件.pptVIP

How to Handle Noisy Data? Binning method: first sort data and partition into (equi-depth) bins then one can smooth by bin means, smooth by bin median, smooth by bin boundaries, etc. Clustering detect and remove outliers Combined computer and human inspection detect suspicious values and check by human (e.g., deal with possible outliers) Regression smooth by fitting the data into regression functions Simple Discretization Methods: Binning Equal-width (distance) partitioning: Divides the range into N intervals of equal size: uniform grid if A and B are the lowest and highest values of the attribute, the width of intervals will be: W = (B –A)/N. The most straightforward, but outliers may dominate presentation Skewed data is not handled well. Equal-depth (frequency) partitioning: Divides the range into N intervals, each containing approximately same number of samples Good data scaling Managing categorical attributes can be tricky. Binning Methods for Data Smoothing Sorted data for price (in dollars) 4, 8, 9, 15, 21, 21, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 34 * Partition into (equi-depth) bins: - Bin 1: 4, 8, 9, 15 - Bin 2: 21, 21, 24, 25 - Bin 3: 26, 28, 29, 34 * Smoothing by bin means: - Bin 1: 9, 9, 9, 9 - Bin 2: 23, 23, 23, 23 - Bin 3: 29, 29, 29, 29 * Smoothing by bin boundaries: - Bin 1: 4, 4, 4, 15 - Bin 2: 21, 21, 25, 25 - Bin 3: 26, 26, 26, 34 Cluster Analysis Regression x y y = x + 1 X1 Y1 Y1’ Data Integration Data integration: combines data from multiple sources into a coherent store Schema integration integrate metadata from different sources Entity identification problem: identify real world entities from multiple data sources, e.g., A.cust-id ? B.cust-# Detecting and resolving data value conflicts for the same real world entity, attribute values from different sources are different possible reasons: different representations, different scales, e.g., metric vs. British units Handling Redundancy in Data Integ