沈括思想研究-中国古代史专业论文.docxVIP

II II 摘 要 北宋著名科学家沈括和他的著作《梦溪笔谈》历来受到学术界高度重视。一般看 来，沈括是中国古代自然科学的代表人物。事实上，在人文科学的很多领域沈括也取 得了不小的建树。本文拟就沈括在人文领域内形成的一些思想进行初步探讨。在绪论 里，主要论述了选题的缘由、选题的目的和意义；本课题的研究现状，本文所采用的 研究方法等。全文分六部分。 第一部分：沈括思想形成的历史条件。主要从宋代社会处于中国封建社会一个上 升时期，因此显现出许多不同于前代的社会特征的大背景入手，揭示时代背景对沈括 成长的影响。从沈括身世和他的近三十年的宦海生涯来说明沈括的人文思想的形成来 源于他的社会政治实践。此外，还对沈括一生的著述给予简要介绍。 第二至四部分：主要论述沈括思想的具体内容。在这一部分，主要对沈括思想中 所包涵的积极变革、重义轻利和朴素的唯物主义等方面来加以论述沈括思想的主体内 容。 第五部分：沈括思想的特点。以沈括思想的内容为提炼素材，集中概括了沈括思 想的特点，即朴素唯物辩证主义、经世致用、积极的创新意识。 第六部分：历史局限及其评价。对沈括的历史功过是非做出总结与评价，客观地 指出沈括思想的历史局限性和不足之处，总结历史经验和教训。 关键词：沈括 思想 内容 特点 III III Abstract Famous scientist Shen Kuo who living in Northern Song Dynasty. His book Notes of the Master of Mengxi Garden” are always regarded highly by academic circles altitude. In people`s view, Shen Kuo is a symble of natural science in China.. In fact, Shen Kuo has a lot of achievements in humanity. The main body of the thesis is drawn up carrying out investigation and discussion with regard to Shen Kuo`s thought in humanity. In introduction. The Cause, purpose and significance of the thesis having discussed in this part,The thesis with current situation, research method adopted by the main body of the thesis ..It divides into six parts. Part I: Historical condition that Shen Kuo thought forms. Society is in a Chinese feudalist society go up period mainly from Song Dynasty , manifests out many therefore being unlike the effect starting big former the society who on behalf of characteristic background , announcing to background characteristic of times growing up to Shen Kuo. Come close from Shen Kuo life experience and him official circles in 30 to explain that the Shen Kuo humanity thought formation originates from his society politics practice career. The authors work besides, returning back to a lifetime to Shen Kuo is given brief introduce that. Second till four parts: Contents of Shen Kuo thought in humanity. Main body content giving the thought discussing Shen Kuo to Shen Kuo mainly in thought during the past what be conta