论效率违约与我国合同法的完善-法学;民商法学专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 I I 摘 要 效率违约是随着二十世纪六十年代经济分析法学的兴起而不断发展成熟的 英美合同法的重要理论之一，是指一方当事人为了避免更重大的损失或者一方当 事人的违约收益超过各方当事人履约的预期收益时，该当事人可以在赔偿非违约 方预期损害的前提下拒绝履行合同义务。效率违约体现了“自由”、“效率”的法 理价值，是合同法历史发展的合理结果，尤其是它将经济学的分析思路和“效率” 概念从经济学领域引入合同法，注重对当事人行为的成本收益分析，实现了法学 和经济学的有效结合，拓宽了合同法的研究维度，具有重大的方法论意义，展示 了其独特的存在价值。 效率违约从诞生之日起批判之声就从未间断，我国的合同立法与司法实践对 其也均采否定态度。但本文认为效率违约制度在我国并非一无用处，它的提出为 我们提供了一种全新的思考模式，其与我国合同法的相关理念也并非格格不入。 本文从立法与司法实践两个层面上论证了效率违约对我国合同法领域的借鉴意 义，进而得出：我国可以选择性吸纳效率违约。我们在吸纳效率违约的过程中， 应注重借鉴该制度所传递出的经济理念和效率原则，采取一种由具体到一般的构 建过程，在司法实践中严格把握效率违约的适用条件，从公正和效率的双重诉求 出发，对我国合同法现行的相关制度进行调整完善，以期丰富我国的合同法，使 案件得以更加圆满地解决。 关键词: 效率违约, 诚实信用, 实际履行, 违约责任替代 Abstract Abstract II II Abstract The principle of the efficient breach is one of the key points in contemporary theory of Anglo-American contract law, which is a main theory of contract law developed step by step together with the rising of theory of economic analyzing of law. Efficient breach means when the breaching benefit is higher than the anticipatory benefit of both parties or in order to avoid the greater losses, the obligor may prefer to compensate the expectation damages rather than continue to accomplish the contract. This system manifests the following law value: “the freedom”, “the efficiency” and so on, and is a reasonable result of historical development of the contract law. Its most remarkable value is that draw the economic analyzing method and concept “efficient” from the economic field into the contract law and emphasize on making analysis of costs and benefits of partners’ behavior. Efficient breach realizes the effective integrations of the Economics and the Law and broadens the research dimension and the contract law. It has great methodological significance and reveals unique value. The debate on the theory has never been stopped since it put forward, and our legislation and judicial practice take a negative attitude towards it. But the author believes that the theory is not useless for us and it provides a newly thinking method to us. The system is n