论我国未成年人前科消灭制度之构建-刑法学专业论文.docxVIP

安徽 安徽财经大学硕士学位论文 PAGE PAGE 1 PAGE PAGE 2 论我国未成年人前科消灭制度之构建 内容摘要 前科制度是刑罚领域的重要组成部分，从报应刑和功利主义角度 看具有一定的合理性，在实现犯罪预防、社会防卫上也具有一定积极 作用。但是，前科无限期的存在则会使得前科制度的弊端凸显，尤其 是对未成年人这一特殊主体。前科制度对其造成的负面的、消极的影 响将更为严重和深远，使得重归社会的未成年人面临某些权利、资格 的丧失，社会的歧视，令真心悔悟的失足少年复归社会面临着重重障 碍。 在人权保障观念日渐彰显的当今社会，前科消灭的法律构建已成 为世界各国刑事立法的潮流，尤其是未成年人前科消灭制度。从已经 实行未成年人前科消灭制度国家的实践情况看，这一制度具有积极的 意义，它可以帮助未成年人摆脱犯罪的标签，消除其与社会之间的隔 阂，顺利融入社会以免再次犯罪。 本文共包括四个部分: 第一部分,探讨前科、前科消灭制度相关理 论，明确研究对象，并提出本文对前科消灭制度的定义；第二部分， 对国外已经构建起未成年人前科消灭制度国家的立法例及我国已进 行司法探索的实践情况进行分析和借鉴；第三部分，分析前科制度无 限期保留对犯罪未成年人的消极影响，从不同角度论证构建未成年人 前科消灭制度的必要性和可行性;第四部分，提出建立我国未成年人 前科消灭制度的构想，包括立法角度明确该制度适用的条件、程序、 法律后果，以及与该制度相配套的其他制度的构建。 关键词：未成年人，前科，前科消灭 论我国未成年人前科消灭制度之构建 ABSTRACT THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELIMINATION OF MINOR’S CRIMINAL RECORD IN CHINA ABSTRACT The criminal record system is an important part of the penalty area， which is reasonable analyzing from retributive punishment and utilitarianism, and it has positive effect on criminal personality and social prevention. However, The indefinite criminal record has many disadvantages, especially for minors . when the minors return to the society ,the negative effects of criminal record system on minors would be more serious , such as the loss of some right and qualification, social discrimination, so the juvenile delinquents would be facing huge obstacles even though they are penitent sincerity . In the contemporary society , the concept of human rights protection is emphasized increasingly , and the elimination of criminal record has been a trend in criminal legislation abolition all over the world ,particularly the elimination of minor’s criminal record. Seeing from the states which have built the elimination of minor’s criminal record ,this system has positive significance. It can help minors to get rid of the label of “crime”, eliminate the gap between the social and them, and return into the society smoothly. This paper consists of four parts: The first part, discuss the theory of criminal record