陆贾《新语》分析-中国哲学专业论文.docx

摘 要 《新语》在成书之日起便受到当时国家最高统治阶层的重视和喜爱。由于它自身所 特有的思想和文学的价值，《新语》在汉代文学史中占有独特的地位，历来受到人们的 关注。无论是文学史还是思想史著作中，《新语》都是一个不可忽视的重要环节。本文 在前人研究的基础上，试图对《新语》作进一步的探讨。 全文主体共分三章。 第一章主要分析在西汉建立初期的时代大背景之下，《新语》对历史的反思与启示， 并将《新语》中的“过秦”部分与贾谊的《过秦论》进行了简单比较，突出《新语》“过 秦”的特点，并讨论了《新语》在采纳各家学说过程中所体现出的兼容性和并蓄性。 第二章主要讨论《新语》中陆贾对时代主题的洞悉与前瞻。陆贾鉴于历史经验和现 实存在的问题，对尚未明朗化的帝王求仙、外戚擅权问题有所探讨，体现出了陆贾对现 实政治问题的敏锐把握和深刻认识，以及对时代主题的洞悉与前瞻。 第三章分析了《新语》独特的文章特色。陆贾基于刘邦等统治阶级文化水平较低的 实际情况，且由于陆贾独到的处世态度，最终形成了《新语》独特的文章特色。语言特 征方面，多采用赋化、排比、对偶等多种修辞方式，便于刘邦集团理解接受；文风方面， 陆贾是以“客”的身份追随刘邦，以“帝王师”而不是“臣”的身份对刘邦进行治国安 邦的指导，使得《新语》表现出平和舒缓的文风特征；结构方面，陆贾极力提倡“仁义” 在治国中的重要作用，《新语》形成了以“仁义”为核心的文章结构。 关键词：《新语》 时代特征 时代主题 文章特征 III Abstract “Neologism” got the highest attention and affection of the ruling class of the country as soon as its publishment. Because of its particular thought and literary value, the Neologism occupies a unique position in the history of literature in the Han Dynasty, getting the unfailing attention. The Neologism is an important work which can not be ignored whether in the history of literature or the history of idea. In this paper, I attempt to do some further research on Neologism on the basis of previous studies. The text is divided into three chapters. Chapter I mainly analyses that the Neologism demonstrates a reflection and revelation on history in the era of the early Xi Han Dynasty, and simply compares the part of Qin’s Fault with Jia Yis theory of the Qin’s Fault, which protrudes the characteristic of Qin’s Fault in the Neologism. This chapter also discusses that the Neologism reflects the compatibility in adopting other theory and thought. Chapter II focuses on the insight and prediction of Neologism on the theme of the times. This chapter Analyses that Lu Jia animadverts emperor’s desire for immortal life and remind of the danger of relatives of the emperor on his mothers or wifes side being in power in view of historical experience and practical problem. Ironically, these two problems eventually became to be the theme of the times