论崔述的《论语》研究-历史学、历史文献学专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 辨伪的历史渊远流长，滥觞于孟子的“尽信书，不如无书”，发端于刘向、刘歆父子。 在其后的两千年历史中，学术辨伪就从来就没有停止过，只不过随着社会意识的变化而变 化。到了清代，又涌现出了一大批辨伪学者，而最具有代表性的莫过于崔述等人。崔述在 其巨著《考信录》中，对中国古史、古籍进行了大量的考证、辨伪，对后世的学术发生了 重要的影响。上世纪 90 年代，李学勤先生鉴于疑古思潮几近泛滥成灾的影响而提出“走 出疑古时代”的口号，开始深刻反思疑古思潮的负面影响，学术界开始了对中国古史以及 中国古典文献的重新研究。这样，崔述自然成为学者们关注的对象。 作为中国最重要经典之一的《论语》同样受到了崔述的怀疑。《论语》可以说是中国 人的“圣经”，在中国人心目中的地位不言而喻，《论语》研究在古文献研究中占有重要地 位。在《考信录》中，崔述从不同角度对《论语》进行了辨伪，最后得出了结论，认为“后 五篇，惟《子张》篇专记门弟子之言，无可疑者。至于《季氏》、《阳货》、《微子》、《尧曰》 四篇中，可疑者甚多。而前十五篇之末亦间有一二章不类者”、“前后十篇文体之异”等。 崔述所认为的这些问题，从目前的考古发现及传世文献的结合印证，他以为需要怀疑的很 多地方，甚至包括研究方法在内，都值得商榷。因此，对崔述思想的研究，对《论语》的 重新认识，都非常有助于更好地传承、学习《论语》。 如何去认识崔述的辨伪思想，如何去重新认识《论语》，最重要的是方法问题。近些 年地下考古的发现，尤其是阜阳汉简、定州汉简、马王堆汉墓帛书、郭店战国楚简以及上 海博物馆收藏的战国楚竹书等，不仅可以补充孔子和《论语》研究的资料，而且可以纠正 以前研究中的偏失。 关键词：崔述；辨伪；疑古思潮；《论语》 Abstract As is known to all, distinguishing false has deep roots in the academic research. Menciuss opinion is “The letter kills, but the spirit gives life”. Liu Xiang and Liu Xin who are father-child relationship were the earliest to focus on it. Academic scrutiny has never been stopped for more than 2,000 years, although with the change of social ideology it’s highs and lows appear alternately. Until Q ing dynasty, there is a large number of professors in academic scrutiny, and one of the most representatives is Cui Shu. He verified and identified much about Chinese ancient history as well as classical books in his masterpiece Kao Xin Lu , which has a far- further influence on academia, so that Li Xueqin put forward the slogan “transcending the historical skepticism ” because ancient doubting trend was close to being overrun in the 1990s. Consequently, it resulted in reconsidering Chinese ancient history and classical literature. Moreover, Cui Shu was paid more attention by many other scholars. Cui Shu also took a skeptical attitude towards The Analects -- one of the classics in China. It’s as same as “The Bible” and the value is self-evident. The study of The Analects plays an absolutely important role on researching ancient classics